Cited by 262Cell death mechanisms and regulationUbiquitin and proteasome pathwaysAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

BOK Is a Non-canonical BCL-2 Family Effector of Apoptosis Regulated by ER-Associated Degradation

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Llambi, Fabien, Wang, Yue-Ming, Victor, Bernadette, Yang, Mao, Schneider, Desiree M., Gingras, Sébastien, Parsons, Melissa J., Zheng, Janet H. +5 more·2016·Cell

Abstract

The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is initiated by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). The BCL-2 family effectors BAX and BAK are thought to be absolutely required for this process. Here, we report that BCL-2 ovarian killer (BOK) is a bona fide yet unconventional effector of MOMP that can trigger apoptosis in the absence of both BAX and BAK. However, unlike the canonical effectors, BOK appears to be constitutively active and unresponsive to antagonistic effects of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins. Rather, BOK is controlled at the level of protein stability by components of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation pathway. BOK is ubiquitylated by the AMFR/gp78 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and targeted for proteasomal degradation in a VCP/p97-dependent manner, which allows survival of the cell. When proteasome function, VCP, or gp78 activity is compromised, BOK is stabilized to induce MOMP and apoptosis independently of other BCL-2 proteins.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.026

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Authors
Llambi, F., Wang, Y.-M., Victor, B., Yang, M., Schneider, D. M., Gingras, S., Parsons, M. J., Zheng, J. H., Brown, S. A., Pelletier, S., Moldoveanu, T., Chen, T., & Green, D. R.
Affiliations
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
  • Llambi, Fabien
  • Green, Douglas R.
Venue
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-04
Volume
165
Issue
2
Pages
421-433
ISSN
0092-8674 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2292802465
Cited by
261
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 19
FWCI
15.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM096208, GM 096208, R01GM110034, GM 110034)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
BOK, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, apoptosis, ER-associated degradation, gp78, AMFR, E3 ubiquitin ligase, VCP/p97, proteasomal degradation, protein stability, Bax, Bak, Bcl-2 family proteins, ubiquitination
MeSH terms
Animals, Embryo, Mammalian, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Fibroblasts, Humans, Permeability, Apoptosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Mitochondrial Membranes, Mice, Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation

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