Cited by 66Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNuclear Receptors and Signaling

Rapamycin upregulates glutamate transporter and IL-6 expression in astrocytes in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease

Open access
Zhang, Yunlong, He, Xiaoliang, Wu, Xiaojuan, Lei, Ming, Wei, Zhiyun, Zhang, Xiuping, Wen, Lei, Xu, Pingyi +2 more·2017·Cell Death & Disease

Abstract

Rapamycin protects mice against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons, which is an established model for Parkinson’s disease. We demonstrated that rapamycin preserves astrocytic expression of glutamate transporters and glutamate reuptake. The protective effect was also observed in astrocyte cultures, indicating that rapamycin acts directly on astrocytes. In the MPTP model, rapamycin caused reduced expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 (neuronal precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-2) and reduced colocalization of glutamate transporters with ubiquitin. Rapamycin increased interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, which was associated with reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines, indicating anti-inflammatory properties of IL-6 in the MPTP model. NF-κ B was shown to be a key mediator for rapamycin, whereas Janus kinase 2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and Akt partially mediated rapamycin effects in astrocytes. These results demonstrate for the first time in a Parkinson’s disease animal model that the neuroprotective effects of rapamycin are associated with glial and anti-inflammatory effects.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/cddis.2016.491

Cites

64 of 64 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Rapamycin enhances expression of IL-6.

    “However, rapamycin has also been observed to enhance expression of IL-6176-178 which is associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes, and patients with type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 had significantly increased mortality rates when receiving insulin treatment during the course of their hospitilization179.”

    From SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and the aging immune system (2021) · cites this paper as [177]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Zhang, Y., He, X., Wu, X., Lei, M., Wei, Z., Zhang, X., Wen, L., Xu, P., Li, S., & Qu, S.
Affiliations
  • Xiamen University (CN)
  • The First People's Hospital of Shunde (CN)
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
  • Southern Medical University (CN)
  • First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (CN)
Corresponding author
  • Xu, Pingyi
  • Li, Shaomin
  • Qu, Shaogang
Venue
Cell Death & Disease
Published
2017-02-09
Volume
8
Issue
2
Pages
e2611-e2611
ISSN
2041-4889 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2586724109
Cited by
66
References
64
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2
FWCI
4.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cell Death and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Alzheimer's Association (NIRG-12-242825)
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (31570716, U1603281, 2013B021800305, 81471292, 31170734, 31570716, U1603281, 2012B050200003, 81271428, 81430021, U1503222)
  • Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (31570716, 2012B050200003, 31170734, 2013B021800305, 2016A050502025)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Keywords
rapamycin, Parkinson's disease, astrocytes, glutamate transporters, glutamate uptake, interleukin-6, Nedd4-2, ubiquitination, MPTP, neuroprotection, NF-κB, JAK2/STAT3 signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, anti-inflammatory activity, dopaminergic neuron loss
MeSH terms
Animals, Astrocytes, Disease Models, Animal, Glutamates, Inflammation, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Parkinson Disease, Down-Regulation, 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, Interleukin-6, Up-Regulation, Cytokines, NF-kappa B, Neuroprotective Agents, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Sirolimus, Amino Acid Transport System X-AG, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Mice, Janus Kinase 2

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review