The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Smartphones are bad for some teens, not all
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This integration of use into their everyday life has indeed provided benefits such as convenience, communication with peers and family or access to information for homework [39].”
From “From the moment I wake up I will use it…every day, very hour”: a qualitative study on the patterns of adolescents’ mobile touch screen device use from adolescent and parent perspectives (2019) · cites this paper as [39]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Studies on social media and mental health have shown mixed results, with positive, negative, and null associations, all having small effect sizes102 or weak correlations.121,122”
From Digital Ecosystems, Children, and Adolescents: Technical Report (2026) · cites this paper as [121]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Adolescents’ online risk often mirrors offline vulnerabilities.”
From Annual Research Review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: facts, fears, and future directions. (2020) · cites this paper as Odgers, 2018
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“youth from low-income families tend to report more negative spillover of negative experiences on social media to offline conflict, fights, and trouble at school”
From Annual Research Review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: facts, fears, and future directions. (2020) · cites this paper as Odgers, 2018
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“were more likely than their more affluent peers to perceive negative spillover of online experiences to problems in their offline lives (e.g., fights, trouble at school)”
From Annual Research Review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: facts, fears, and future directions. (2020) · cites this paper as Odgers, 2018
In the citing paper
“youth growing up economically disadvantaged families were equally likely to have access to mobile devices”
From Annual Research Review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: facts, fears, and future directions. (2020) · cites this paper as Odgers, 2018
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Sawyer, S. M., Azzopardi, P. S., Wickremarathne, D., & Patton, G. C. (2018) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30022-1 · Cited by 3,666
Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035618 · Cited by 3,266
National trends in the prevalence and treatment of depression in adolescents and young adults.
Mojtabai, R., Olfson, M., & Han, B. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1878 · Cited by 1,424
The common sense census: media use by tweens and teens
Rideout, V. (2015) · Cited by 901
Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2017) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797616678438 · Cited by 890
Adolescent Pregnancy, Birth, and Abortion Rates Across Countries: Levels and Recent Trends
Sedgh, G., Finer, L. B., Bankole, A., Eilers, M. A., & Singh, S. (2015) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.007 · Cited by 812
Annual Research Review: Secular trends in child and adolescent mental health
Collishaw, S. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12372 · Cited by 788
(2016) · PubMed · Cited by 580
Online Communication and Adolescent Social Ties: Who benefits more from Internet use?
Lee, S. J. (2009) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01451.x · Cited by 295
George, M. J., & Odgers, C. L. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615596788 · Cited by 266
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- OECD. Are There Differences in How Advantaged and Disadvantaged Students Use the Internet? PISA in Focus 64 (OECD Publishing, 2016).
- De Choudhury, M., Gamon, M., Counts, S. & Horvitz, E. Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Weblogs Soc. Media 128–137 (2013).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2018) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.003 · Cited by 1,304
Odgers, C. L., & Jensen, M. R. (2020) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13190 · Cited by 1,189
“owning a mobile phone with a steep increase in ownership to 85% of adolescents by age 14 (Odgers, 2018).”
InfluentialSelf-citationMedia Use in School-Aged Children and Adolescents
COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS AND MEDIA, Hill, D., Ameenuddin, N., Chassiakos, Y. (. R., Cross, C., Radesky, J., Hutchinson, J., Levine, A., Boyd, R., Mendelson, R., et al. (2016) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2592 · Cited by 622
Recent increases in depressive symptoms among US adolescents: trends from 1991 to 2018
Keyes, K. M., Gary, D., O’Malley, P. M., Hamilton, A., & Schulenberg, J. (2019) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-019-01697-8 · Cited by 465
Media Use Is Linked to Lower Psychological Well-Being: Evidence from Three Datasets
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2019) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-019-09630-7 · Cited by 429
Metadata
- Authors
- Odgers, C.
- Affiliations
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Odgers, Candice
- ORCID
- Odgers, Candice
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2018-02-21
- Volume
- 554
- Issue
- 7693
- Pages
- 432-434
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC6121807
- OpenAlex
- W2790980665
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 47.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30DA023026)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- smartphones, adolescents, mental health, online behavior, screen time, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Problem Behavior, Adolescent Health, Smartphone, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Adult, Age Factors, Child, Europe, Family Relations, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mental Health, Pregnancy, Safety, Social Behavior, Social Class, Suicide, Time Factors, United States, Friends, Vulnerable Populations, Young Adult, Social Media
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
