Assessment and definition of lean body mass deficiency in the elderly

Müller, M J; Geisler, C; Pourhassan, M; Glüer, C-C; Bosy-Westphal, A

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.169

Cited by 63Nutrition and Health in AgingBody Composition Measurement TechniquesMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Assessment and definition of lean body mass deficiency in the elderly

Müller, M J, Geisler, C, Pourhassan, M, Glüer, C-C, Bosy-Westphal, A·2014·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.1038/ejcn.2014.169

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Abstract

Although the effect of age on body composition has been intensively discussed during the past 20 years, we do not have a uniform definition of sarcopenia. A suitable definition of low, lean body mass should be based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) estimates of muscle mass. Using recent MRI data of a population of 446 healthy free-living Caucasian volunteers (247 females, 199 males) age 18-78 years, a low skeletal muscle mass and sarcopenia were defined as a skeletal muscle mass >1 and >2 s.d. below the mean value obeserved in younger adults at age 18-39 years. The cutoffs for low muscle mass according to the skeletal muscle index (skeletal muscle mass/(height)(2)) or the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (skeletal muscle mass of the limbs/(height)(2)) were 6.75 or 4.36 kg/m(2) for females and 8.67 or 5.54 kg/m(2) for males, respectively. On the basis of these cutoffs, prevalences of sarcopenia in the group of adults at >60 years are calculated to be 29% in females and 19.0% in males. Faced with different sarcopenic phenotypes (that is, sarcopenia related to frailty and osteopenia; sarcopenic obesity related to metabolic risks; cachexia related to wasting diseases), future definitions of sarcopenia should be extended to the relations between (i) muscle mass and adipose tissue and (ii) muscle mass and bone mass. Suitable cutoffs should be based on the associations between estimates of body compositions and metabolic risks (for axample, insulin resistance), inflammation and muscle function (that is, muscle strength).

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The methodology used for the assessment of skeletal muscle mass may lead to discrepancies in prevalence rates of sarcopenia in clinical and epidemiological studies.
“This confirms that the methodology used for the assessment of skeletal muscle mass may lead to discrepancies in prevalence rates of sarcopenia in clinical and epidemiological studies [25].”
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Authors: Müller, M. J., Geisler, C., Pourhassan, M., Glüer, C.-C., & Bosy-Westphal, A.
Affiliations: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE)
University of Hohenheim (DE)
Corresponding author: Müller, M J
ORCID: Müller, M J
Geisler, C
Pourhassan, M
Glüer, C-C
Venue: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2014-08-20
Volume: 68
Issue: 11
Pages: 1220-1227
ISSN: 0954-3007 (ISSN-L)
1476-5640
DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.169
OpenAlex: W2026792190
Cited by: 63
References: 46
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12
FWCI: 1.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords: sarcopenia, lean body mass, older adults, skeletal muscle mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, sarcopenia prevalence, sarcopenic obesity, frailty, osteopenia, cachexia, body composition, magnetic resonance imaging, muscle strength, insulin resistance
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Body Composition, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Bone Density, Prevalence, Muscle, Skeletal, Adiposity, Muscle Strength, Young Adult, Sarcopenia

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Assessment and definition of lean body mass deficiency in the elderly

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