Does the amount of fat mass predict age-related loss of lean mass, muscle strength, and muscle quality in older adults?
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: An excessive amount of adipose tissue may contribute to sarcopenia and may be one mechanism underlying accelerated loss of muscle mass and strength with aging. We therefore examined the association of baseline total body fat with changes in leg lean mass, muscle strength, and muscle quality over 7 years of follow-up and whether this link was explained by adipocytokines and insulin resistance. METHODS: Data were from 2,307 men and women, aged 70-79 years, participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Total fat mass was acquired from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Leg lean mass was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in Years 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8. Knee extension strength was measured by isokinetic dynamometer in Years 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8. Muscle quality was calculated as muscle strength divided by leg lean mass. RESULTS: Every SD greater fat mass was related to 1.3 kg more leg lean mass at baseline in men and 1.5 kg in women (p < .01). Greater fat mass was also associated with a greater decline in leg lean mass in both men and women (0.02 kg/year, p < .01), which was not explained by higher levels of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. Larger fat mass was related to significantly greater muscle strength but significantly lower muscle quality at baseline (p < .01). No significant differences in decline of muscle strength and quality were found. CONCLUSIONS: High fatness was associated with lower muscle quality, and it predicts accelerated loss of lean mass. Prevention of greater fatness in old age may decrease the loss of lean mass and maintain muscle quality and thereby reducing disability and mobility impairments.
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Obesity is consistently associated with a lower strength-to-mass ratio (muscle quality) in older adults.
“Obesity is consistently associated with a lower strength-to-mass ratio (muscle quality) in older adults (7,31,32)”
Similar to previous findings, in the elderly female group with obesity, a faster decline of muscle mass and strength with aging was observed.
“Similar to previous findings, in the elderly female group with obesity, a faster decline of muscle mass and strength with aging was observed (38).”
From The role of obesity in sarcopenia and the optimal body composition to prevent against sarcopenia and obesity (2023) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Koster, A., Ding, J., Stenholm, S., Caserotti, P., Houston, D. K., Nicklas, B. J., You, T., Lee, J. S., Visser, M., Newman, A. B., Schwartz, A. V., Cauley, J. A., Tylavsky, F. A., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Harris, T. B., & study, F. T. H. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-05-13
- Volume
- 66A
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 888-895
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- PMC
- PMC3184893
- OpenAlex
- W2151930815
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 10.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
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- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (N01-AG-6-2103, n01ag062101-007, n01ag062103-006, N01‐AG‐6‐2106, n01ag062106-007, UL1TR000005, N01-AG-6-2101)
- National Institute on Aging (N01‐AG‐6–2101, N01AG62106, N01-AG-62103, P30AG028740)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- fat mass, sarcopenia, lean mass loss, muscle strength, muscle quality, older adults, adipokines, insulin resistance, aging, leg lean mass, quadriceps strength
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Adipose Tissue, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Arm, Body Weight, Distance Perception, Female, Humans, Judgment, Male, Motor Activity, Organ Size, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Psychomotor Performance, Thinness, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Strength
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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