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Cited by 78Regulation of Appetite and ObesityPancreatic function and diabetesAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases

Glucose sensing and the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes

Thorens, B·2008·International Journal of Obesity
DOI 10.1038/ijo.2008.208
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Abstract

The control of body weight and of blood glucose concentrations depends on the exquisite coordination of the function of several organs and tissues, in particular the liver, muscle and fat. These organs and tissues have major roles in the use and storage of nutrients in the form of glycogen or triglycerides and in the release of glucose or free fatty acids into the blood, in periods of metabolic needs. These mechanisms are tightly regulated by hormonal and nervous signals, which are generated by specialized cells that detect variations in blood glucose or lipid concentrations. The hormones insulin and glucagon not only regulate glycemic levels through their action on these organs and the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system, which are activated by glucose or lipid sensors, but also modulate pancreatic hormone secretion and liver, muscle and fat glucose and lipid metabolism. Other signaling molecules, such as the adipocyte hormones leptin and adiponectin, have circulating plasma concentrations that reflect the level of fat stored in adipocytes. These signals are integrated at the level of the hypothalamus by the melanocortin pathway, which produces orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides to control feeding behavior, energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis. Work from several laboratories, including ours, has explored the physiological role of glucose as a signal that regulates these homeostatic processes and has tested the hypothesis that the mechanism of glucose sensing that controls insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta-cells is also used by other cell types. I discuss here evidence for these mechanisms, how they integrate signals from other nutrients such as lipids and how their deregulation may initiate metabolic diseases.

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Crossref · 10.1038/ijo.2008.208

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  • Neurohormonal dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance diseases such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

    “Neurohormonal dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases of insulin resistance, such as that present in GDM.”

    From The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2018) · cites this paper as [88]

  • The neurohormonal network regulates appetite, active energy expenditure, and basal metabolic rate.

    “This network regulates appetite, active energy expenditure, and basal metabolic rate, and it is made up of a complex network of central (e.g., cortical centers that control cognitive, visual, and “reward” cues) and peripheral (e.g., satiety and hunger hormones) signals [87,88].”

    From The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2018) · cites this paper as [88]

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Authors
Thorens, B.
Affiliations
University of Lausanne (CH)
Corresponding author
Thorens, B
ORCID
Thorens, B
Venue
International Journal of Obesity
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2008-12
Volume
32
Issue
S6
Pages
S62-S71
ISSN
  • 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5497
DOI
10.1038/ijo.2008.208
OpenAlex
W2089143353
Cited by
78
References
114
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
FWCI
4.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • IRIS (submittedVersion)
  • SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Keywords
glucose detection, obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion, pancreatic beta cells, glucose homeostasis, leptin, adiponectin, melanocortin pathway, hypothalamus, autonomic nervous system, glucagon, energy homeostasis, lipid sensing
MeSH terms
Animals, Appetite Regulation, Blood Glucose, Brain, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fatty Acids, Glucagon, Insulin, Obesity, Pancreas, Portal System, Mice, Rats

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