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Cited by 467Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Psychometric analysis of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21: results from a large diverse sample of obese and non-obese participants

Cappelleri, J C, Bushmakin, A G, Gerber, R A, Leidy, N K, Sexton, C C, Lowe, M R, Karlsson, J·2009·International Journal of Obesity
DOI 10.1038/ijo.2009.74
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Abstract

Background The 21-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R21) is a scale that measures three domains of eating behavior: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and emotional eating (EE).Objectives To assess the factor structure and reliability of TFEQ-R21 (and if necessary, refine the structure) in diverse populations of obese and non-obese individuals.Design Data were obtained from obese adults in a United States/Canadian clinical trial (n=1741), and overweight, obese and normal weight adults in a US web-based survey (n=1275). Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to investigate the structure of TFEQ-R21 using baseline data from the clinical trial. The model was refined to obtain adequate fit and internal consistency. The refined model was then tested using the web-based data. Relationships between TFEQ domains and body mass index (BMI) were examined in both populations.Results Clinical data indicated that TFEQ-R21 needed refinement. Three items were removed from the CR domain, producing the revised version TFEQ-R18V2 (Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.91). Testing TFEQ-R18V2 in the web-based sample supported the revised structure (CFI=0.96; Cronbach's coefficient alpha of 0.78-0.94). Associations with BMI were small. In the clinical study, the CR domain showed a significant and negative association with BMI. On the basis of the web-based survey, it was shown that the relationship between BMI and CR is population-dependent (obese versus non-obese, healthy versus diabetics).Conclusions In two independent datasets, the TFEQ-R18V2 showed robust factor structure and good reliability. It may provide a useful tool for characterizing UE, CR and EE.

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Byrne BM . Structural Equation Modelling with EQS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, 2nd edn, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ, 2006.
  2. Lowe MR, Thomas JG . Measures of restrained eating: conceptual evolution and psychometric update. In: Allison D, Baskin ML (eds). Handbook of Assessment Methods for Obesity and Eating Behaviors. Sage: New York, in press.

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Metadata

Authors
Cappelleri, J. C., Bushmakin, A. G., Gerber, R. A., Leidy, N. K., Sexton, C. C., Lowe, M. R., & Karlsson, J.
Affiliations
  • Pfizer (United States) (US)
  • Drexel University (US)
  • University of Gothenburg (SE)
Corresponding author
Cappelleri, J C
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Obesity
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2009-04-28
Volume
33
Issue
6
Pages
611-620
ISSN
  • 0307-0565 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5497
DOI
10.1038/ijo.2009.74
OpenAlex
W2050492184
Cited by
467
References
38
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 8
FWCI
8.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • International Journal of Obesity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Pfizer
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords
Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, dietary habits, obesity, factor structure, scale reliability, body mass index, overweight, diabetes mellitus
MeSH terms
Canada, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reference Values, Sex Factors, United States, Body Mass Index

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