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Exercise and the Brain: Angiogenesis in the Adult Rat Cerebellum after Vigorous Physical Activity and Motor Skill Learning
Open accessAbstract
This study compared the morphology of cerebellar cortex in adult female rats exposed for 1 month to repetitive exercise, motor learning, or an inactive condition. In the exercise conditions, rats that were run on a treadmill or housed with access to a running wheel had a shorter diffusion distance from blood vessels in the molecular layer of the paramedian lobule when compared to rats housed individually or rats that participated in a motor skill learning task. Rats taught complex motor skills substantially increased the volume of the molecular layer per Purkinje neuron and increased blood vessel number sufficiently to maintain the diffusion distance. These results dissociate angiogenesis associated with increased neuropil volume (as seen in the motor learning group) from angiogenesis associated with increased metabolic demands (as seen in the exercise groups). While the volume fraction of mitochondria did not differ among groups, the mitochondrial volume fraction per Purkinje cell was significantly increased in the motor skill rats. This appears to parallel the previously reported increase in synapses and associated neuropil volume change.
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“This hypothesis is supported by the argue that physical activity enhances the angiogenesis 18 and neurogenesis 16 in areas of the brain that support memory and learning, subsequently enhancing cognitive performance.19”
From Effects of physical activity on executive functions, attention and academic performance in preadolescent children: a meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“physical exercise also directly promotes neurogenesis, cell survival [187], synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity [54, 96] and angiogenesis [99]”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [99]
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“In general, studies support an exercise-induced beneficial effect of the immune system in the CNS.106–109”
From Exercise-enhanced neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitry in Parkinson's disease (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Isaacs, K. R., Anderson, B. J., Alcantara, A. A., Black, J. E., & Greenough, W. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Black, James E.
- Venue
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1992-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 110-119
- ISSN
- 0271-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-7016
- OpenAlex
- W2010856791
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (5t32mh018412-02)
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- U.S. Public Health Service (43830)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-18882, MH18412)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD07333, T32HD007333)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- physical activity, angiogenesis, cerebellum, motor skill learning, Purkinje cells, molecular layer, blood vessel density, mitochondrial volume fraction, treadmill running, running wheel, brain vascularization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Capillaries, Cerebellum, Physical Exertion, Female, Learning, Motor Skills, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Rats
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