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The NOS Inhibitor, 7-Nitroindazole, Decreases Focal Infarct Volume but Not the Response to Topical Acetylcholine in Pial Vessels
Open accessAbstract
We examined whether 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), a putative inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), decreases cerebral infarction 24 h after proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. In preliminary experiments, we determined that 7-NI (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg i.p.) decreased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity within cerebral cortex by 40–60% when measured up to 120 min, but not 240 min after administration. At 25 or 50 mg/kg, 7-NI did not alter the systemic arterial blood pressure or the dilation of pial arterioles after topical acetylcholine (10 and 100 μ M). To examine the effect of 7-NI on infarct size, 55 Sprague–Dawley halothaneanesthetized rats were subjected to proximal MCA occlusion (modified Tamura method). Five minutes after occlusion, 7-NI (25 or 50 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle was injected. Animals treated with 25 or 50 mg/kg showed 25 and 27% reductions in infarct volume, respectively. Coadministration of l-arginine (300 mg/kg i.p.) plus 7-NI (25 mg/kg i.p.) reversed the effect. If, indeed, the effects of 7-NI are mediated by inhibition of nNOS activity, these results suggest that enzymatic products of the neuronal isoform promote ischemic injury and that they do so at least within the first few hours after permanent occlusion. The results also emphasize the importance of developing strategies to selectively inhibit the neuronal isoform inasmuch as we observed previously that administering the less selective NOS inhibitor, N ω -nitro-l-arginine (L-NA), in the same model either caused no change or increased the volume of ischemic injury.
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“In recent years, several studies have linked nitric oxide as a key mediator in numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD) and ischemic brain injury (stroke).”
From The Role of Reactive Species on Innate Immunity (2022) · cites this paper as [145]
In the citing paper
“This dual action makes it a contributing player in pathophysiology, but also makes the development of effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases particularly difficult [141,142,143,144,145].”
From The Role of Reactive Species on Innate Immunity (2022) · cites this paper as [145]
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“Thus, inhibition of nNOS with concentrations of NOS inhibitors that do not suppress eNOS activity reduces infarct volume, whereas the use of selective nNOS inhibitors is consistently neuroprotective in models of focal ischaemia (Yoshida et al., 1994; Zhang et al., 1996).”
BackgroundHara, H., Huang, P. L., Panahian, N., Fishman, M. C., & Moskowitz, M. A. (1996) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-199607000-00010 · Cited by 410
Self-citationResistance to neurotoxicity in cortical cultures from neuronal nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice
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p38 Map Kinase Mediates Bax Translocation in Nitric Oxide–Induced Apoptosis in Neurons
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“Pharmacological inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) 1 have been shown to significantly reduce lesions produced in response to focal ischemia (Yoshida et al., 1994), administration of the neurotoxin MPTP (Schulz et al.”
BackgroundWang, Y., Lin, S., Chiou, A. L., Williams, L. R., & Hoffer, B. J. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-11-04341.1997 · Cited by 314
“Animals treated with 7-nitroindazole, a selective inhibitor of neuronal NOS, showed a significant reduction in focal infarction after MCA occlusion (Yoshida et al., 1994).”
MethodRoles of nitric oxide in brain hypoxia-ischemia
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“There are neurons containing nNOS immunoreactivity innervating the canine and monkey temporal arteries (Yoshida et al., 1993, 1994a).”
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Blockade of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protects against excitotoxicity in vivo
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“7-Nitroindazole has a high degree of specificity for the neuronal isoform of NOS in vivo (Babbedge et al., 1993; Moore et al., 1993; Yoshida et al., 1994).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRole of nitric oxide after brain ischaemia
Moro, M. Á., Cardenas, A. J., Hurtado, O., Leza, J. C., & Lizasoaín, I. (2004) · Cell Calcium · doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2004.02.011 · Cited by 265
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“Finally, studies have shown that inhibition of nNOS activity is protective against ischemic stroke injury in vivo (73, 115, 151).”
Cellular and Molecular Pathways of Ischemic Neuronal Death
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“Inhibiting nNOS reduced the NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity, focal cerebral ischemia, global ischemia, and common carotid artery thrombosis (Dawson et al., 1993; Yoshida et al., 1994; ONeil et al., 1996; Kahn et al., 1997; Matsui et al., 1997; Stagliano et al., 1997; Nanri et al., 1998).”
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“Both inhibitors were reported to decrease cerebral NOS activity within the dose range used (Yoshida et al., 1994; Salter et al., 1995).”
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Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders
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“In addition, administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7NI (Yoshida et al., 1994; Tokime et al., 1998) reduced both nitrotyrosine and poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation and improved neuronal survival.”
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“Preclinical studies show that reducing nNOS via targeted deletion or by pharmacological inhibitors reduces ischemia-induced cell death (Yoshida et al., 1994; Huang et al., 1994).”
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Pronounced Hypoperfusion during Spreading Depression in Mouse Cortex
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“…respectively), or increase the CVR (114 ± 16 and 115 ± 21% of baseline, in the cortical capillaries and pial arterioles , respectively; P ס 0.058, compared with baseline in cortical capillaries), supporting a relative lack of inhibition of type III NOS at this dose (Yoshida et al., 1994).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationEmerging treatments for stroke in humans
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Self-citationMechanisms of Reduced Striatal NMDA Excitotoxicity in Type I Nitric Oxide Synthase Knock-Out Mice
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“, 1996), or that inhibition of nNOS by 7-nitroindazole protected against focal ischemia (Yoshida et al., 1994) or NMDAinduced toxicity in rats (Schulz et al.”
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Role of nitric oxide in traumatic brain injury in the rat
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Oxidative DNA damage precedes DNA fragmentation after experimental stroke in rat brain
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“iNOS differences between normal and hypertensive pregnancies have been reported,(32,33) while other studies have reported the absence of iNOS in the syncytiotrophoblast(34,35) and a debateable relationship between iNOS and preeclampsia.(36) Nevertheless, we think eNOS is the principal isoform bound to STBMV and STBEX.”
ResultPanahian, N., Yoshida, T., Huang, P. L., Hedley‐Whyte, E. T., Dalkara, T., Fishman, M. C., & Moskowitz, M. A. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00563-3 · Cited by 162
Self-citationZhang, Z. G., Reif, D. W., Macdonald, J. E., Tang, W., Kamp, D. K., Gentile, R. J., Shakespeare, W. C., Murray, R. J. S., & Chopp, M. (1996) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-199607000-00009 · Cited by 159
“, 1994) and on the rat treated with 7 -nitroindazole (Yoshida et al. , 1994), a nNOS inhibitor, indicated that nNOS contributes to ischemic cell damage after permanent focal cerebral ischemia.”
BackgroundSelective inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents ischaemic brain injury
Parmentier, S., Böhme, G. A., Lerouet, D., Damour, D., Stutzmann, J. M., Margaill, I., & Plotkine, M. (1999) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0702549 · Cited by 155
“In contrast, nNOS appears deleterious in ischaemia since several selective inhibitors of this isoform are neuroprotective (Yoshida et al., 1994; Nagafuji et al., 1995; Zhang et al., 1996b; Escott et al., 1998) and mice bearing a selective nNOS gene alteration show a reduced infarction after…”
BackgroundSchulz, J. B., Matthews, R. T., Klockgether, T., DICHGANS, J., & Beal, M. F. (1997) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1006852306789 · Cited by 150
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“In vivo, 7-NI has no effects on blood pressure, endothelium-dependent relaxation of blood vessels, or ACh-induced vessel relaxation, all phenomena associated with eNOS activation (2, 18, 51, 59).”
BackgroundThe Role of Reactive Species on Innate Immunity
Andrés, C., Pérez de la Lastra, J., Juan, C., Plou, F., & Pérez-Lebeña, E. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10101735 · Cited by 142
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“…NO produced by neuronal NOS (nNOS) contributes to neuronal damage after ischemic or excototoxic insult (Huang et al, 1994; Schulz et al, 1995; Yoshida et al, 1994). eNOS and nNOS are isoforms of constitutive NO synthase that are regulated by calcium and are responsible for intermittent…”
BackgroundNitric Oxide as a Modulator of Intestinal Water and Electrolyte Transport
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Nitric Oxide: Considerations for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
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“Pharmacological inhibition of nNOS with 7-nitroindazole given 5 minutes after MCAo reduced infarct volume in rats by up to 27% (Yoshida et al, 1994; Zhang et al, 1996b) and the application of aminoguanidine (Zhang et al, 1996a; Cash et al, 2001), N-3-(aminomethyl-benzyl)-acetamidine (Parmentier et…”
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“(Yoshida et al. 1994) SDR 3 55 P F +5 i.”
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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase control mechanisms in the cutaneous vasculature of humans in vivo
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“For example, in vivo, 7-NI has no effects on blood pressure or on endothelium-dependent relaxation of blood vessels (Babbage et al. 1993; Moore et al. 1993a,b; Yoshida et al. 1994; Southan & Szabo, 1996; Jiang et al. 1999).”
BackgroundInfluentialIn situ electrochemical generation of nitric oxide for neuronal modulation
Park, J., Jin, K., Sahasrabudhe, A., Chiang, P., Maalouf, J. H., Koehler, F., Rosenfeld, D., Rao, S., Tanaka, T., Khudiyev, T., et al. (2020) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-020-0701-x · Cited by 118
Biology of ischemic cerebral cell death
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Enhanced Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation after Focal Ischemia in Rat Brain
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“The dose of 7-NI used in our experiments (25 mg/kg) has been shown to reduce brain NOS activity by 50% (Yoshida et al., 1994).”
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Functional expression of NOS 1 in vascular smooth muscle
Brophy, C. M., Knoepp, L. F., Xin, J., & Pollock, J. S. (2000) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.3.h991 · Cited by 91
“7-NI has been suggested to be an NOS 1 inhibitor based on its inhibitory profile with in vivo studies (32, 40, 44).”
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Kamii, H., Mikawa, S., Murakami, K., Kinouchi, H., Yoshimoto, T., Reola, L., Carlson, E. J., Epstein, C. J., & Chan, P. H. (1996) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-199611000-00009 · Cited by 86
Nitric Oxide in the Nervous System
Cossenza, M., Socodato, R., Portugal, C. C., Domith, I., Gladulich, L., da Encarnação, T. G., Calaza, K. D. C., Mendonça, H. R., Campello‐Costa, P., & Paes‐de‐Carvalho, R. (2014) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800254-4.00005-2 · Cited by 87
Facchinetti, F., Sasaki, M., Cutting, F. B., Macdonald, J. E., Reif, D. W., Beal, M. F., Huang, P. L., Dawson, T. M., Gurney, M. E., Dawson, V. L., et al. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00492-8 · Cited by 85
Mason, R. B., Pluta, R. M., Walbridge, S., Wink, D. A., Oldfield, E. H., & Boock, R. J. (2000) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.2000.93.1.0099 · Cited by 85
Nitric oxide and cerebral ischemic preconditioning
Huang, P. L. (2004) · Cell Calcium · doi:10.1016/j.ceca.2004.02.007 · Cited by 85
Nitric oxide synthases: catalytic function and progress towards selective inhibition
Mayer, B., & Andrew, P. (1998) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/pl00005233 · Cited by 84
“Besides exerting antinociceptive actions (Moore et al. 1993), 7-NI appears to be protective in experimental stroke (Yoshida et al. 1994) and a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (Schulz et al. 1995).”
BackgroundFree radicals: Relationship to Human Diseases and Potential Therapeutic applications
Zarić, B. L., Mačvanin, M., & Isenović, E. R. (2022) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106346 · Cited by 105
Stefanovic, B., Schwindt, W., Hoehn, M., & Silva, A. C. (2006) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600377 · Cited by 82
“Nonetheless, no effects on the blood pressure were seen in any experiments, in agreement with other studies that found no effect of 7-NI on the tonic resistance of pial vessels (Pinard et al, 2000; Faraci and Brian Jr, 1995; Yoshida et al, 1994; Wang et al, 1995).”
ResultO’Neill, M. J., Hicks, C. A., Ward, M., Cardwell, G. P., Reymann, J., Allain, H., & Bentué‐Ferrer, D. (1998) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00333-1 · Cited by 81
Escott, K. J., Beech, J. S., Haga, K. K., Williams, S., Meldrum, B. S., & Bath, P. M. (1998) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-199803000-00006 · Cited by 81
Shimizu‐Sasamata, M., Bosque-Hamilton, P., Huang, P. L., Moskowitz, M., & Lo, E. H. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-22-09564.1998 · Cited by 79
“Based on these multiple actions of NO, it is not surprising that somewhat variable outcomes have been obtained by pharmacological inhibition of NO synthesis in various experimental models of focal cerebral ischemia (Buisson et al., 1992; Dawson et al., 1992; Yamamoto et al., 1992; Yoshida et al., 1994).”
BackgroundSelf-citationMori, K., Togashi, H., Ueno, K., Matsumoto, M., & Yoshioka, M. (2001) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00371-5 · Cited by 77
Time Dependence of Effect of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Cerebral Ischemic Damage
Zhang, F., Xu, S., & Iadecola, C. (1995) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1995.73 · Cited by 77
“, 1994) or using the relatively selective neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-ni troindazole (Yoshida et al., 1994) have provided ev idence that neuronal NO contributes to focal cere bral ischemic damage.”
Lin, S., Chiou, A. L., & Wang, Y. (1996) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.27.4.747 · Cited by 77
Salom, J. B., Ortı́, M., Centeno, J. M., Torregrosa, G., & Alborch, E. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02095-3 · Cited by 76
Wada, K., Chatzipanteli, K., Busto, R., & Dietrich, W. D. (1999) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.1999.16.203 · Cited by 71
“Because 7-NI does not affect systemic blood pressure (Yoshida et al., 1994) or the pial vasodilation response to the topical application of acetylcholine (Yoshida et al., 1994; Faraci and Brian, 1995), 7-NI is considered to be a relatively selective nNOS inhibitor.”
Sun, M., Zhao, Y., Gu, Y., & Xu, C. (2009) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2008.12.017 · Cited by 73
“For example, 7-NI, a selective nNOS inhibitor, reduces the infarct volume after experimental stroke in rats (Yoshida et al., 1994; Escott et al., 1998).”
Osuka, K., Feustel, P. J., Mongin, A. A., Tranmer, B. I., & Kimelberg, H. K. (2001) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00198.x · Cited by 70
“2000) appears to exceed the protective effects of NOS inhibitors and nNOS gene deletion in the same model of cerebral ischemia (Huang et al. 1994; Yoshida et al. 1994; Hara et al. 1996).”
BackgroundResultYasuda, H., Fujii, M., Fujisawa, H., Ito, H., & Suzuki, M. (2001) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.083032.x · Cited by 70
Dose‐ and time‐dependence of l ‐NAME neuroprotection in transient focal cerebral ischaemia in rats
Margaill, I., Allix, M., Boulu, R. G., & Plotkine, M. (1997) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0700889 · Cited by 70
“Indeed, selective nNOS inhibitors reduce the infarcted volume induced by permanent (Yoshida et al., 1994) and transient (Nagafuji et al., 1995) focal cerebral ischaemia.”
BackgroundNanri, K., Montécot, C., Springhetti, V., Seylaz, J., & Pinard, E. (1998) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.29.6.1248 · Cited by 69
Higuchi, Y., Hattori, H., Kume, T., Tsuji, M., Akaike, A., & Furusho, K. (1998) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01524-0 · Cited by 69
Neuroprotective effect of FK506, an immunosuppressant, on transient global ischemia in gerbil
Tokime, T., Nozaki, K., & Kikuchi, H. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(96)12438-1 · Cited by 69
Zagvazdin, Y., Sancesario, G., Wang, Y., Share, L., Fitzgerald, M. E. C., & Reiner, A. J. (1996) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(96)00106-9 · Cited by 68
Pluta, R. M., Rak, R., Wink, D. A., Woodward, J. J., Khaldi, A., Oldfield, E. H., & Watson, J. C. (2001) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1097/00006123-200104000-00039 · Cited by 65
“Some of those studies reported that decreased production of NO after the administration of selective or nonselective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors provided protection against ischemic cerebral infarction (5, 27, 35, 53, 54), but other reports demonstrated that the same compounds increased cerebral damage (3, 9, 10, 43,…”
ResultDifferential action of 7-nitro indazole on rat brain nitric oxide synthase
Kalisch, B. E., Connop, B. P., Jhamandas, K. H., Beninger, R. J., & Boegman, R. J. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(96)13194-3 · Cited by 65
Zagvazdin, Y., Fitzgerald, M. E. C., Sancesario, G., & Reiner, A. J. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 65
Khan, M., Dhammu, T. S., Matsuda, F., Singh, A. K., & Singh, I. (2015) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s12868-015-0179-x · Cited by 65
“protection compared with GSNO following IR 7-NI, a selective nNOS inhibitor, is reported to reduce infarct volume in IR models [6, 40].”
BackgroundMethodHolasek, S. S., Wengenack, T. M., Kandimalla, K. K., Montaño, C., Gregor, D. M., Curran, G. L., & Poduslo, J. F. (2005) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.03.037 · Cited by 67
Different effects of eNOS and nNOS inhibition on transient forebrain ischemia
Jiang, M. H., Kaku, T., Hada, J., & Hayashi, Y. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02870-6 · Cited by 64
Hara, H., Waeber, C., Huang, P. L., Fujii, M., Fishman, M. C., & Moskowitz, M. A. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00313-2 · Cited by 63
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Yoshida, T., Limmroth, V., Irikura, K., & Moskowitz, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1994-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 924-929
- ISSN
- 0271-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-7016
- OpenAlex
- W2047362612
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 16.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns021558-09)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-21558, NS 64361)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia
- Keywords
- 7-nitroindazole, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, cerebral ischemia, middle cerebral artery occlusion, infarct size, L-arginine, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, L-NAME, cerebral vasodilation
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholine, Administration, Topical, Amino Acid Oxidoreductases, Animals, Brain, Cerebral Infarction, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Indazoles, Male, Pia Mater, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Rats
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