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Cited by 214Sex and Gender in HealthcareSexual Differentiation and DisordersNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

Sex differences in the brain: Implications for behavioral and biomedical research

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Choleris, Elena, Galea, Liisa A.M., Sohrabji, Farida, Frick, Karyn M.·2018·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.005PMC PMC5751942
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Abstract

Biological differences between males and females are found at multiple levels. However, females have too often been under-represented in behavioral neuroscience research, which has stymied the study of potential sex differences in neurobiology and behavior. This review focuses on the study of sex differences in the neurobiology of social behavior, memory, emotions, and recovery from brain injury, with particular emphasis on the role of estrogens in regulating forebrain function. This work, presented by the authors at the 2016 meeting of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society, emphasizes varying approaches from several mammalian species in which sex differences have not only been documented, but also become the focus of efforts to understand the mechanistic basis underlying them. This information may provide readers with useful experimental tools to successfully address recently introduced regulations by granting agencies that either require (e.g. the National Institutes of Health in the United States and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research in Canada) or recommend (e.g. Horizon 2020 in Europe) the inclusion of both sexes in biomedical research.

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  • There is considerable evidence that sex is an important factor to consider in neuroscience research.

    “Finally, there is considerable evidence that sex is an important factor to consider in neuroscience research,92–95”

    From Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System (2025) · cites this paper as [92]

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Authors
Choleris, E., Galea, L. A. M., Sohrabji, F., & Frick, K. M.
Affiliations
  • University of Guelph (CA)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • Texas A&M University (US)
  • University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
Corresponding author
Choleris, Elena
ORCID
Venue
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-02
Volume
85
Pages
126-145
ISSN
0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.005
PMC
PMC5751942
OpenAlex
W2781127606
Cited by
214
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 19
FWCI
3.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (400212)
  • American Federation for Aging Research
  • Kansas Masonic Foundation (R01MH107886, R03MH065460, R01AG022525)
  • University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (AG042189, MOP102568, NS074895, 203596-13)
  • Yale University
  • Ellison Medical Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords
sex differences, brain, social behavior, memory, emotions, brain injury recovery, estrogen, forebrain, NIH guidelines, sex-inclusive research, mammalian species comparison
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain, Emotions, Estrogens, Humans, Memory, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior

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