Risk of progression and survival in multiple myeloma relapsing after therapy with IMiDs and bortezomib: A multicenter international myeloma working group study
Open accessAbstract
Promising new drugs are being evaluated for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), but their impact should be measured against the expected outcome in patients failing current therapies. However, the natural history of relapsed disease in the current era remains unclear. We studied 286 patients with relapsed MM, who were refractory to bortezomib and were relapsed following, refractory to or ineligible to receive, an IMiD (immunomodulatory drug), had measurable disease, and ECOG PS of 0, 1 or 2. The date patients satisfied the entry criteria was defined as time zero (T(0)). The median age at diagnosis was 58 years, and time from diagnosis to T(0) was 3.3 years. Following T(0), 213 (74%) patients had a treatment recorded with one or more regimens (median=1; range 0-8). The first regimen contained bortezomib in 55 (26%) patients and an IMiD in 70 (33%). A minor response or better was seen to at least one therapy after T(0) in 94 patients (44%) including ≥ partial response in 69 (32%). The median overall survival and event-free survival from T(0) were 9 and 5 months, respectively. This study confirms the poor outcome, once patients become refractory to current treatments. The results provide context for interpreting ongoing trials of new drugs.
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In patients with relapsed multiple myeloma refractory to both lenalidomide and bortezomib, median progression-free survival is 5 months and median overall survival is 9 months.
“The median PFS and OS in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma refractory to lenalidomide and bortezomib is poor, with median times of 5 months and 9 months, respectively.154”
From Multiple myeloma: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management (2024) · cites this paper as [154]
The Results (Survival outcomes; page unavailable) report median event-free survival of 5 months and overall survival of 9 months for the entire cohort, not specifically for patients refractory to both lenalidomide and bortezomib. The Patients and Methods and Results show that the cohort also included patients whose IMiD was thalidomide and patients who had relapsed, were intolerant, or were ineligible for an IMiD. The reported 5-month measure is EFS, rather than the PFS named in the claim. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Kumar, S. K., Lee, J. H., Lahuerta, J. J., Morgan, G., Richardson, P. G., Crowley, J., Haessler, J., Feather, J., Hoering, A., Moreau, P., LeLeu, X., Hulin, C., Klein, S. K., Sonneveld, P., Siegel, D., Bladé, J., Goldschmidt, H., Jagannath, S., Miguel, J. S., Orlowski, R., Palumbo, A., Sezer, O., Rajkumar, S. V., Durie, B. G. M., on behalf of the International Myeloma Working Group, International Myeloma Working Group, Abildgaard, N., Abonour, R., Alexanian, R., Alsina, M., Anderson, K., Attal, M., Avet-Loiseau, H., Badros, A., Baris, D., Barlogie, B., Bataille, R., Beksaç, M., Belch, A., Ben-Yehuda, D., Bensinger, B., Leif Bergsagel, P., Bird, J., Bladé, J., Boccadoro, M., Cavo, M., Chanan-Khan, A., Ming Chen, W., Child, T., Chim, J., Chng, W.-J., Comenzo, R., Crowley, J., Dalton, W., Davies, F., de Souza, C., Delforge, M., Dimopoulos, M., Dispenzieri, A., Drach, J., Drake, M., Durie, B. G. M., Einsele, H., Facon, T., Fantl, D., Fermand, J.-P., Fonseca, R., Gahrton, G., García-Sanz, R., Gasparetto, C., Gertz, M., Gibson, J., Giralt, S., Goldschmidt, H., Greipp, P., Hajek, R., Hardan, I., Hari, P., Harousseau, J.-L., Hata, H., Hattori, Y., Heffner, T., Ho, J., Hungria, V., Ida, S., Jacobs, P., Jagannath, S., Johnsen, H., Jian, H., Joshua, D., Jurczyszyn, A., Kawano, M., Kröger, N., Kumar, S., Kyle, R. A., Lacy, M., Lahuerta, J. J., Landgren, O., Laubach, J., Lee, J. H., LeLeu, X., Lentzsch, S., Lokhorst, H., Lonial, S., Ludwig, H., Maiolino, A., Mateos, M., Mehta, J., Mellqvist, U.-H., Merlini, G., Mikhael, J., Morales, A. R., Moreau, P., Morgan, G., Nari, H., Munshi, N., Niesvizky, R., Nouel, A., Novis, Y., Orlowski, R., Palumbo, A., Pavlovsky, S., Pilarski, L., Powles, R., Raje, N., Vincent Rajkumar, S., Reece, D., Reiman, T., Richardson, P. G., Roodman, D., Rosiñol, L., Miguel, J. S., Sezer, O., Shah, J. J., Shaughnessy, J., Shimizu, K., Shustik, C., Siegel, D., Singhal, S., Sonneveld, P., Spencer, A., Stadtmauer, E., Stewart, K., Terpos, E., Tosi, P., Tricot, G., Turesson, I., Van Camp, B., Van Ness, B., Van Riet, I., Broek, I. V., Vanderkerken, K., Vescio, R., Vesole, D., Waage, A., Wang, M., Weber, D., Westin, J., Wheatley, K., & Zonder, J.
- Affiliations
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center (KR)
- Cancer Research And Biostatistics (US)
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (US)
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nancy (FR)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Tisch Cancer Institute (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre (ES)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes (FR)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- University of Turin (IT)
- Complejo Hospitalario de Salamanca (ES)
- Universität Hamburg (DE)
- Hackensack University Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Hoering, A
- Hulin, C
- Klein, S K
- Abildgaard, Niels
- Abonour, Rafat
- Alsina, Melissa
- Badros, Ashraf
- Baris, Dalsu
- Barlogie, Bart
- Beksaç, Meral
- Belch, Andrew
- Boccadoro, Mario
- Chanan-Khan, Asher
- Chng, Wee-Joo
- Dalton, William
- Davies, Faith
- Delforge, Michel
- Dimopoulos, Meletios
- Dispenzieri, Angela
- Drake, Matthew
- Einsele, Hermann
- Fantl, Dorotea
- Fermand, Jean-Paul
- Gahrton, Gösta
- Gertz, Morie
- Giralt, Sergio
- Hari, Parameswaran
- Hattori, Yutaka
- Johnsen, Hans
- Jurczyszyn, Artur
- Kröger, Nicolaus
- Kyle, Robert A
- Lacy, Martha
- Landgren, Ola
- Laubach, Jacob
- Lee, Jae Hoon
- Lentzsch, Suzanne
- Lonial, Sagar
- Ludwig, Heinz
- Mateos, María
- Mellqvist, Ulf-Henrik
- Merlini, GiamPaolo
- Mikhael, Joseph
- Munshi, Nikhil
- Novis, Yana
- Raje, Noopur
- Reece, Donna
- Reiman, Tony
- Rosiñol, Laura
- Shaughnessy, John
- Shimizu, Kazuyuki
- Singhal, Seema
- Spencer, Andrew
- Stadtmauer, Edward
- Terpos, Evangelos
- Tosi, Patrizia
- Tricot, Guido
- Turesson, Ingemar
- Broek, Isabelle Vande
- Vanderkerken, Karin
- Waage, Anders
- Wang, Michael
- Wheatley, Keith
- Zonder, Jeffrey
- Venue
- Leukemia
- Published
- 2011-07-29
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 149-157
- ISSN
- 0887-6924 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5551
- PMC
- PMC4109061
- OpenAlex
- W2140579395
- Cited by
- 721
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 31.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2012-05-09)
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Leukemia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P50CA142509, P01CA055819, U10CA032102, P30CA016672)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Bone health and treatments
- Keywords
- multiple myeloma, relapsed multiple myeloma, progression risk, overall survival, event-free survival, immunomodulators, bortezomib, refractory disease, treatment response
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antineoplastic Agents, Female, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Male, Middle Aged, Multiple Myeloma, Recurrence, Survival Analysis, Disease Progression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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