The DOI matches its Crossref record; 165 of the 166 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Tools for translation: non-viral materials for therapeutic mRNA delivery
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“To maximize translation, the mRNA sequence typically incorporates modified nucleosides, such as pseudouridine, N1-methylpseudouridine or other nucleoside analogues23.”
From mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
In the citing paper
“mRNA has shown therapeutic potential in a range of applications, including viral vaccines, protein replacement therapies, cancer immunotherapies, cellular reprogramming and genome editing2,4,7–17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“These lipids can improve nanoparticle properties, such as particle stability, delivery efficacy, tolerability and biodistribution7,14,17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Trapped in endosomes, in which the pH is lower than in the extracellular environment, ionizable lipids are protonated and, therefore, become positively charged, which may promote membrane destabilization and facilitate endosomal escape of the nanoparticles7,11,14”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“To function in vivo, lipid nanoparticle–mRNA formulations need to overcome multiple extracellular and intracellular barriers7,11 (Fig. 3a).”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“In addition to cationic or ionizable lipids, lipid nanoparticle–mRNA formulations typically contain other lipid components, such as phospholipids (for example, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine), cholesterol or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-functionalized lipids (PEG-lipids)7,14,17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“The pH-sensitivity of ionizable lipids is beneficial for mRNA delivery in vivo, because neutral lipids have less interactions with the anionic membranes of blood cells and, thus, improve the biocompatibility of lipid nanoparticles7,11,14.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“mRNA normally contains five structural elements, that is, a 5′ cap, a 3′ poly(A) tail, a protein-coding sequence and 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs)2,4,7,13.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“These elements can be engineered to improve the stability and translational efficiency of mRNA2,4,7,13.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Chemical modifications of specific IVT mRNA nucleotides, such as pseudouridine (ψ) and N1-methylpseudouridine (m1ψ), can reduce innate immune sensing of exogenous mRNA translation2,4,7,182.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Chromatographic purification can remove double-stranded RNA, an analogue of viral genome, in IVT mRNA preparations, diminishing immune activation and increasing translational efficiency2,4,7,183.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“To address these concerns, the engineering of mRNA molecules (Box 1) and the design of lipid nanoparticles have been optimized2,4,7–17, which has contributed to the rapid development and clinical assessment15,17 of the two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, mRNA-1273 (NCT04470427)19,20 and BNT162b2 (NCT04368728)21.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Polymers, such as polyethyleneimine, protamine and polyaspartamide derivatives, are already widely used for mRNA delivery7–17.”
From Lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“mRNA functions as the bridge between DNA and proteins in eukaryotic cells.[8, 12, 119]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Polyethylenimine (PEI) is one of the most developed cationic polymers [39], but its toxicity has limited the therapeutic applications.[8, 124]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Compared with protein drugs, mRNA can supplement both cytoplasmic and large transmembranic proteins.[8, 119, 120]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Recently, many biomaterials have been developed for mRNA delivery, including lipids and lipid derived materials, polymers, and many others. [8, 39, 120, 124]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Relative to plasmid DNA (pDNA), mRNA possesses temporary bioactivity and functions outside the nucleus, leading to a more controllable protein expression and avoiding the potential insertion of the genome.[8, 119, 120]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“For many GARDs, the liver is a preferred organ for mRNA-based PRTs because systemically administrated mRNA vehicles are predominantly trapped by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in the liver.”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“In addition, the interaction between apolipoprotein E (apoE) and biomaterials such as lipid and lipid derived materials facilitates the accumulation in the liver.[8, 18, 34, 39, 59, 120, 121, 124, 164, 165]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Meanwhile, ionizable lipid and lipid derived materials, which acquire positive charges at low pH and become neutral at physiological pH, have been developed for decreasing the toxicity and immunogenicity while retaining the delivery efficiency.[8]”
From RNA delivery biomaterials for the treatment of genetic and rare diseases (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
Citations
Cites
Takahashi, K., & Yamanaka, S. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024 · Cited by 26,673
Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems
Cong, L., Ran, F. A., Cox, D., Lin, S., Barretto, R., Habib, N., Hsu, P. D., Wu, X., Jiang, W., Marraffini, L. A., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1231143 · Cited by 15,339
The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9
Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1258096 · Cited by 7,062
Boussif, O., Lezoualc’h, F., Zanta, M. A., Djavaheri‐Mergny, M., Scherman, D., DEMENEIX, B. A., & Behr, J. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.16.7297 · Cited by 6,256
Development and Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for Genome Engineering
Hsu, P. D., Lander, E. S., & Zhang, F. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.010 · Cited by 5,762
Recent advances with liposomes as pharmaceutical carriers
Torchilin, V. P. (2005) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1632 · Cited by 5,282
Cpf1 Is a Single RNA-Guided Endonuclease of a Class 2 CRISPR-Cas System
Zetsche, B., Gootenberg, J. S., Abudayyeh, O. O., Slaymaker, I. M., Makarova, K. S., Essletzbichler, P., Volz, S. E., Joung, J., van der Oost, J., Regev, A., et al. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.038 · Cited by 4,761
Direct Gene Transfer into Mouse Muscle in Vivo
Wolff, J. A., Malone, R. W., Williams, P., Chong, W., Acsadi, G., Jani, A., & Felgner, P. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1690918 · Cited by 4,173
Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8
Heil, F., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Kirschning, C., Akira, S., Lipford, G., Wagner, H., & Bauer, S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093620 · Cited by 3,947
Factors affecting the clearance and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles
Alexis, F., Pridgen, E., Molnar, L. K., & Farokhzad, O. C. (2008) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp800051m · Cited by 3,699
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Moderna Therapeutics. Moderna Provides Pipeline and Full-Year Corporate Update. Moderna [online], https://www.modernatx.com/newsroom/press-releases/moderna-provides-pipeline-and-full-year-corporate-update (2017).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 799
Bioinspired Lipid Nanocarriers for RNA Delivery
Golubovic, A., Tsai, S., & Li, B. (2023) · ACS Bio & Med Chem Au · doi:10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00073 · Cited by 49
Rohde, C. M., Lindemann, C., Giovanelli, M. A., Sellers, R. S., Diekmann, J., Choudhary, S., Ramaiah, L., Vogel, A. B., Chervona, Y., Muik, A., et al. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11020417 · Cited by 44
“The ability of the LNP to encapsulate the RNA depends in large part on the ionizable nature of the lipid [57,58].”
BackgroundDendritic Cell‐Mimicking Nanoparticles Promote mRNA Delivery to Lymphoid Organs
Cao, Y., Long, J., Sun, H., Miao, Y., Sang, Y., Lü, H., Yu, C., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Yang, J., et al. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202302423 · Cited by 41
Precision Sequence‐Defined Polymers: From Sequencing to Biological Functions
Shi, Q., Zhang, Z., & Liu, S. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202313370 · Cited by 43
Therapeutic synthetic and natural materials for immunoengineering
Slezak, A., Chang, K., Hossainy, S., Mansurov, A., Rowan, S. J., Hubbell, J. A., & Guler, M. O. (2024) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d3cs00805c · Cited by 44
Chaudhary, N., Newby, A. N., Arral, M. L., Yerneni, S. S., LoPresti, S. T., Doerfler, R., Petersen, D. M. S., Montoya, C., Kim, J. S., Fox, B., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2307810121 · Cited by 49
Self-citationDose‐Independent Transfection of Hydrophobized Polyplexes
Zhang, Z., Qiu, N., Wu, S., Liu, X., Zhou, Z., Tang, J., Liu, Y., Zhou, R., & Shen, Y. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202102219 · Cited by 42
Solely aqueous formulation of hydrophobic cationic polymers for efficient gene delivery
Solomun, J. I., Cinar, G., Mapfumo, P. P., Richter, F., Moek, E., Hausig, F., Martin, L., Hoeppener, S., Nischang, I., & Traeger, A. (2020) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120080 · Cited by 42
Delivery of synthetic mRNAs for tissue regeneration
Steinle, H., Weber, M., Stoppelkamp, S., Große‐Berkenbusch, K., Golombek, S., Weber, M., Çanak-Ipek, T., Trenz, S.-M., Schlensak, C., & Avci‐Adali, M. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.114007 · Cited by 42
Yang, J., Luly, K. M., & Green, J. J. (2023) · WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1002/wnan.1853 · Cited by 40
Lu, J., Atochina‐Vasserman, E. N., Maurya, D. S., Shalihin, M. I., Zhang, D., Chenna, S. S., Adamson, J., Liu, M., Shah, H. U. R., Shah, H., et al. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics15061572 · Cited by 40
Xue, L., Xiong, X., Zhao, G., Arocho, W. A. M., Palanki, R., Xiao, Z., Han, X., Yoon, I., Figueroa‐Espada, C. G., Xu, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.4c10265 · Cited by 41
Extracellular Vesicle‐Based mRNA Therapeutics and Vaccines
Li, Q., Xing, H., Naeem, A., Zhang, K., Zheng, A., Huang, Y., & Lu, M. (2025) · Exploration · doi:10.1002/exp.20240109 · Cited by 44
“In conclusion, the EV-based mRNA vaccine activates both cellular and humoral immunity [145, 146] (Figure 13).”
Miller, J. B., & Siegwart, D. J. (2018) · Nano Research · doi:10.1007/s12274-018-2099-4 · Cited by 41
Delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics for cancer immunotherapy
Zhou, S., Chen, W., Cole, J., & Zhu, G. (2020) · Medicine in Drug Discovery · doi:10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100023 · Cited by 42
“mRNA relay genomic information from DNA to ribosome that uses mRNA as templates to translate protein in the cytoplasm [10].”
BackgroundGene Therapy Based on Nucleic Acid Nanostructure
Wu, X., Wu, T., Liu, J., & Ding, B. (2020) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202001046 · Cited by 42
Polymeric Micelles with pH-Responsive Cross-Linked Core Enhance In Vivo mRNA Delivery
Yang, W., Chen, P., Boonstra, E., Hong, T., & Cabral, H. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14061205 · Cited by 40
“Among effective mRNA delivery systems, non-viral vectors offer safety, low immunogenicity, and high loading capacity [6,7].”
BackgroundAliakbarinodehi, N., Niederkofler, S., Emilsson, G., Parkkila, P., Olsén, E., Jing, Y., Sjöberg, M., Agnarsson, B., Lindfors, L., & Höök, F. (2024) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.4c04519 · Cited by 46
Delivery of mRNA to platelets using lipid nanoparticles
Novakowski, S. K., Jiang, K., Prakash, G., & Kastrup, C. J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36910-2 · Cited by 41
Rissanou, A. N., Ouranidis, A., & Karatasos, K. (2020) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/d0sm00736f · Cited by 38
Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis: From Gene- to Cell-Based Therapies
Allan, K. M., Farrow, N., Donnelley, M., Jaffé, A., & Waters, S. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.639475 · Cited by 42
“Since the functional site of messenger RNA (mRNA) is the cell cytoplasm, the challenge of nuclear translocation is eliminated (Hajj and Whitehead 2017).”
BackgroundZheng, Q., Qin, F., Luo, R., Jin, C., Huang, H., He, X., Xiao, W., Guo, M., Yang, S., He, S., et al. (2021) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202011068 · Cited by 39
Li, M., Li, S., Huang, Y., Chen, H., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Wu, W., Zeng, X., Zhou, B., & Li, B. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202101707 · Cited by 39
Ding, F., Zhang, H., Cui, J., Li, Q., & Yang, C. (2021) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d1bm00866h · Cited by 37
Jarak, I., Pereira‐Silva, M., Paiva‐Santos, A. C., Veiga, F., Cabral, H., & Figueiras, A. (2021) · Applied Materials Today · doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2021.101217 · Cited by 41
Ebenezer, O., Comoglio, P., Wong, G. K.-S., & Tuszynski, J. A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24044019 · Cited by 39
Long-acting vaccine delivery systems
Walvekar, P., Kumar, P., & Choonara, Y. E. (2023) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2023.114897 · Cited by 39
Oral delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics: Challenges, strategies, and opportunities
Jiang, X., Wang, N., Liu, C., Zhuo, Y., Li, L., Gan, Y., & Yu, M. (2023) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103507 · Cited by 38
Minimizing the ratio of ionizable lipid in lipid nanoparticles for in vivo base editing
Chen, Q., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Tian, M., Duan, J., Zhang, Y., & Yin, H. (2024) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwae135 · Cited by 41
“Therefore, more effective LNPs are required for delivery of precision editors [21 ,26 ,27 ,29 ,30 ].”
BackgroundAlshehry, Y., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., & Zhu, G. (2025) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113617 · Cited by 39
Therapeutic Potential of the miRNA–ATM Axis in the Management of Tumor Radioresistance
Rezaeian, A.-H., Khanbabaei, H., & Călin, G. A. (2019) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1807 · Cited by 40
Nucleic Acid Delivery from Granular Hydrogels
Kurt, E., & Segura, T. (2021) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202101867 · Cited by 39
Zhang, H., Bussmann, J., Huhnke, F. H., Devoldere, J., Minnaert, A., Jiskoot, W., Serwane, F., Spatz, J. P., Röding, M., Smedt, S. C. D., et al. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202102072 · Cited by 37
Nanoparticles Loaded with Platinum Drugs for Colorectal Cancer Therapy
Buyana, B., Naki, T., Alven, S., & Aderibigbe, B. A. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231911261 · Cited by 39
“LNPs are multicomponent systems containing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-lipid, cholesterol, phospholipid, and amino lipid [96,97].”
BackgroundImmune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Bellamkonda, N., Lambe, U. P., Sawant, S. A., Nandi, S. S., Chakraborty, C., & Shukla, D. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10071464 · Cited by 37
“Conversely, mRNA vaccines use a synthetic, transient segment RNA encoding a viral antigen [81].”
BackgroundHighly efficient mRNA delivery with nonlinear microfluidic cell stretching for cellular engineering
Kwon, C., & Chung, A. J. (2023) · Lab on a Chip · doi:10.1039/d2lc01115h · Cited by 36
Cancer Vaccines in the Immunotherapy Era: Promise and Potential
Verma, C., Pawar, V. A., Srivastava, S., Tyagi, A., Kaushik, G., Shukla, S. K., & Kumar, V. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11121783 · Cited by 40
“As a result, treating EC with chemoradiotherapy and cancer vaccines may be successful [133] (Table 5).”
BackgroundRecent progress in cancer vaccines and nanovaccines
Poudel, K., Vithiananthan, T., Kim, J. O., & Tsao, H. (2024) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122856 · Cited by 40
mRNA vaccine platforms: linking infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy
Haghmorad, D., Eslami, M., Orooji, N., Halabitska, I., Kamyshna, I. I., Kamyshnyi, O., & Oksenych, V. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1547025 · Cited by 42
Jacobson, M. E., Becker, K. W., Palmer, C. R., Pastora, L. E., Fletcher, R. B., Collins, K. A., Fedorova, O., Duvall, C. L., Pyle, A. M., & Wilson, J. T. (2020) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.0c00568 · Cited by 35
Gholizadeh, O., Yasamineh, S., Amini, P., Afkhami, H., Delarampour, A., Akbarzadeh, S., Matloub, R. K., Zahedi, M., Hosseini, P., Hajiesmaeili, M., et al. (2022) · Virology Journal · doi:10.1186/s12985-022-01935-7 · Cited by 38
“Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) High nucleic acid (siRNA or mRNA) encapsulation rate and enhanced transfection effectiveness resulted in viral load suppression in the lungs The ionizable lipids are close-charged at physiological pH, making them an excellent vehicle for nucleic acid treatments Protecting mRNAs from ribonucl…”
BackgroundWang, H., Wang, Z., Gao, H., Liu, J., Qiao, Z., Zhao, B., Liang, Z., Jiang, B., Zhang, L., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/d2sc04087e · Cited by 36
Kim, M., Jeong, M., Lee, G., Lee, Y., Park, J., Jung, H., Im, S., Yang, J., Kim, K., & Lee, H. (2023) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.10556 · Cited by 35
Safford, H. C., Swingle, K. L., Geisler, H. C., Hamilton, A. G., Thatte, A. S., Ghalsasi, A. A., Billingsley, M. M., Alameh, M., Weissman, D., & Mitchell, M. J. (2023) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202303568 · Cited by 39
Ramadan, E., Ismeal, A. A. A., & Naguib, Y. W. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14111092 · Cited by 42
Ge, K., Bai, Z., Wang, J., Li, Z., Gao, F., Liu, S., Zhang, L., Gao, F., & Xie, C. (2025) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202418872 · Cited by 36
A Polymeric Nanoparticle Formulation for Targeted mRNA Delivery to Fibroblasts
Rodrigues, A. F., Rebelo, C., Simões, S. M. N., Paulo, C., Pinho, S. L. C., Francisco, V., & Ferreira, L. (2022) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202205475 · Cited by 33
Gu, Y., Li, A., Zeng, Y., He, M., Qi, F., Liu, R., Cai, H., Li, D., Tang, X., Fu, Z., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adv6990 · Cited by 37
mRNA delivery via non-viral carriers for biomedical applications
Shuai, Q., Zhu, F., Zhao, M., & Yan, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121020 · Cited by 35
In vivo gene immunotherapy for cancer
Mai, D., June, C. H., & Sheppard, N. C. (2022) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abo3603 · Cited by 35
“mRNA-based therapies benefit from the ability to avoid preexisting neutralizing antibodies and the flexibility to mediate gene expression in nontransformed cells of the tumor microenvironment (75, 76).”
BackgroundAboulFotouh, K., Southard, B., Dao, H. M., Xu, H., Moon, C., Williams, R. O., & Cui, Z. (2023) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123688 · Cited by 34
Moayedpour, S., Broadbent, J., Riahi, S., Bailey, M., Thu, H. V., Dobchev, D. A., Balsubramani, A., dos Santos, R. N., Kogler-Anele, L., Corrochano-Navarro, A., et al. (2024) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btae342 · Cited by 38
“It balances the negative charge and independently forms an encapsulated complex with the negatively charged RNA molecule (Hajj and Whitehead 2017).”
High-Throughput Automation of Endosomolytic Polymers for mRNA Delivery
Ulkoski, D., Munson, M. J., Jacobson, M. E., Palmer, C. R., Carson, C. S., Sabirsh, A., Wilson, J. T., & Krishnamurthy, V. R. (2021) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.0c01463 · Cited by 34
Kudsiova, L., Lansley, A. B., Scutt, G., Allen, M. C., Bowler, L. D., Williams, S., Lippett, S., Stafford, S., Tarzi, M. D., Cross, M., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open Science · doi:10.1136/bmjos-2021-100203 · Cited by 35
Lipid-peptide nanocomplexes for mRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo
Grant-Serroukh, D., Hunter, M. R., Maeshima, R., Tagalakis, A. D., Aldossary, A. M., Allahham, N., Williams, G. R., Edbrooke, M. R., Desai, A. S., & Hart, S. L. (2022) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.018 · Cited by 37
Nano-immunotherapy for lung cancer
Lu, Y., Zeng, T., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Zhu, X., Liu, H., Sun, B., Ji, C., Li, T., Huang, L., et al. (2023) · Nano TransMed · doi:10.26599/ntm.2023.9130018 · Cited by 33
Rodimova, S. A., Mozherov, A. M., Elagin, V. V., Karabut, M. M., Shchechkin, I. D., Kozlov, D., Krylov, D. P., Gavrina, A. I., Bobrov, N., Загайнов, В. Е., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24119112 · Cited by 34
Yang, N., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Fan, Y., Zhang, J., Lin, X., Guo, T., Gu, Y., Wu, J., Gao, J.-M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-024-04990-6 · Cited by 33
Preformed Vesicle Approach to LNP Manufacturing Enhances Retinal mRNA Delivery
Eygeris, Y., Henderson, M. I., Curtis, A. G., Jozić, A., Stoddard, J., Reynaga, R., Chirco, K. R., Su, G., Neuringer, M., Lauer, A. K., et al. (2024) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202400815 · Cited by 34
Enhancing siRNA cancer therapy: Multifaceted strategies with lipid and polymer-based carrier systems
Dastgerdi, N. K., Dastgerdi, N. K., Bayraktutan, H., Costabile, G., Atyabi, F., Dinarvand, R., Longobardi, G., Alexander, C., & Conte, C. (2024) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124545 · Cited by 39
Opportunities and Challenges for mRNA Delivery Nanoplatforms
Zhang, Y., Hu, Y., Tian, H., & Chen, X. (2022) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03898 · Cited by 33
A Smart DNA‐Based Nanosystem Containing Ribosome‐Regulating siRNA for Enhanced mRNA Transfection
Lv, Z., Huang, M., Yang, J., Li, P., Chang, L., Tang, Q., Chen, X., Wang, S., Yao, C., Liu, P., et al. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202300823 · Cited by 34
Pre-clinical non-viral vectors exploited for in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing: an overview
Rouatbi, N., McGlynn, T., & Al‐Jamal, K. T. (2022) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d1bm01452h · Cited by 33
mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines—Facts and Hypotheses on Fragmentation and Encapsulation
Jacques Demongeot, A., & Fougère, C. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11010040 · Cited by 36
In utero delivery of mRNA to the heart, diaphragm and muscle with lipid nanoparticles
Gao, K., Li, J., Song, H., Han, H., Wang, Y., Yin, B., Farmer, D. L., Murthy, N., & Wang, A. (2023) · Bioactive Materials · doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.011 · Cited by 33
“In contrast, the delivery of LNPs in adults generates transfection predominantly in the liver [34].”
BackgroundChung, C. W., Kudchodkar, S. B., Chung, C. N., Park, Y. K., Xu, Z., Pardi, N., Abdel‐Mohsen, M., & Muthumani, K. (2023) · Antibodies · doi:10.3390/antib12030046 · Cited by 36
Xiao, K., Lai, Y., Yuan, W., Li, S., Liu, X., Xiao, Z., & Xiao, H. (2023) · Interdisciplinary medicine · doi:10.1002/inmd.20230036 · Cited by 36
Binici, B., Borah, A., Watts, J. A., McLoughlin, D. M., & Perrie, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124942 · Cited by 34
Kong, K., Li, B., Chang, Y., Zhao, C., Qiao, H., Jin, M., Wu, X., Fan, W., Wang, L., Qi, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-025-03103-9 · Cited by 31
A Nanoparticle Platform for Accelerated In Vivo Oral Delivery Screening of Nucleic Acids
El-Mayta, R. D., Zhang, R., Shepherd, S. J., Wang, F., Billingsley, M. M., Dudkin, V., Klein, D., Lu, H. D., & Mitchell, M. J. (2020) · Advanced Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/adtp.202000111 · Cited by 33
Lee, S. M., Cheng, Q., Yu, X., Liu, S., Johnson, L. T., & Siegwart, D. J. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202013927 · Cited by 33
Path towards mRNA delivery for cancer immunotherapy from bench to bedside
Chen, W., Zhu, Y., He, J., & Sun, X. (2023) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.89247 · Cited by 33
“Additionally, materials science has played a crucial role in designing mRNA delivery vectors, utilizing lipids, lipid-like materials, polymers, and protein or peptide derivatives [3, 21, 22].”
BackgroundTargeted degradation of PCNA outperforms stoichiometric inhibition to result in programed cell death
Chang, S. C., Gopal, P., Lim, S., Wei, X., Chandramohan, A., Mangadu, R., Smith, J., Ng, S., Gindy, M., Phan, U., et al. (2022) · Cell Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.10.005 · Cited by 31
Cationic Lipid Pairs Enhance Liver-to-Lung Tropism of Lipid Nanoparticles for In Vivo mRNA Delivery
Zeng, G., He, Z., Yang, H., Gao, Z., Ge, X., Liu, L., Liu, Z., & Chen, Y. (2024) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.4c02415 · Cited by 31
Lipid nanoparticles: a promising tool for nucleic acid delivery in cancer immunotherapy
Abaza, T., Mohamed, E., & Zaky, M. Y. (2025) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12032-025-02939-3 · Cited by 35
“Progress in drug delivery systems has advanced the pre-clinical development of mRNA therapeutics, positioning them as a novel drug class [187].”
Freeze-Drying of mRNA-LNPs Vaccines: A Review
Khan, M. F. H., Baudin, F., Perumal, A. S., & Kamen, A. (2025) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines13080853 · Cited by 37
Polymeric Nanocarrier Formulations of Biologics Using Inverse Flash NanoPrecipitation
Markwalter, C. E., Pagels, R. F., Hejazi, A. N., Gordon, A. G. R., Skowron, A., & Prud’homme, R. K. (2020) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-019-0405-z · Cited by 30
Nucleic Acid Immunotherapeutics for Cancer
Shen, T., Zhang, Y., Zhou, S., Lin, S., Zhang, X., & Zhu, G. (2020) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.0c00101 · Cited by 32
Bouazzaoui, A., & Abdellatif, A. A. H. (2024) · Vaccine X · doi:10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100500 · Cited by 31
“In this regard, systems lipids-based system and polymers-based system have been previously reviewed [109 – 112].”
MethodPolyethylenimine-Functionalized Carbon Dots for Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Complexes
Hashemzadeh, I., Hasanzadeh, A., Radmanesh, F., Chegeni, B. K., Hosseini, E. S., Kiani, J., Shahbazi, A., Naseri, M., Fatahi, Y., Nourizadeh, H., et al. (2021) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.1c00890 · Cited by 29
Pressure‐dependent fouling behavior during sterile filtration of mRNA‐containing lipid nanoparticles
Messerian, K. O., Зверев, А. И., Kramarczyk, J. F., & Zydney, A. L. (2022) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.28200 · Cited by 28
Zhao, Y., Wang, Z. M., Song, D., Chen, M., & Xu, Q. (2024) · Current Opinion in Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102499 · Cited by 30
Ross‐Thriepland, D., Bornot, A., Butler, L., Desai, A. S., Jaiswal, H., Peel, S. E., Hunter, M. R., Odunze, U., Isherwood, B. J., & Gianni, D. (2020) · SLAS DISCOVERY · doi:10.1177/2472555220925770 · Cited by 26
Nucleic acid delivery and nanoparticle design for COVID vaccines
Andresen, J. L., & Fenton, O. S. (2021) · MRS Bulletin · doi:10.1557/s43577-021-00169-2 · Cited by 32
Recent Advances in Delivery Systems for Genetic and Other Novel Vaccines
Huang, S., Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., & Zhang, Z. (2021) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202107946 · Cited by 28
Wang, C., Huang, X., Sun, L., Li, Q., Li, Z., Yong, H., Che, D., Yan, C., Geng, S., Wang, W., et al. (2022) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d1cc06480k · Cited by 28
Advances in Nonviral mRNA Delivery Materials and Their Application as Vaccines for Melanoma Therapy
Neill, B., Romero, A. R., & Fenton, O. S. (2023) · ACS Applied Bio Materials · doi:10.1021/acsabm.3c00721 · Cited by 31
Hoffman, T., Antovski, P., Tebon, P. J., Xu, C., Ashammakhi, N. A., Ahadian, S., Morsut, L., & Khademhosseini, A. (2020) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201909882 · Cited by 32
Taylor Dispersion Analysis to support lipid-nanoparticle formulations for mRNA vaccines
Malburet, C., Leclercq, L., Cotte, J., Thiebaud, J., Bazin, E., Garinot, M., & Cottet, H. (2022) · Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41434-022-00370-1 · Cited by 29
“Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as promising and versatile alternatives to conventional vaccine approaches [4].”
BackgroundDesign principles of lipid nanoparticles for RNA delivery
Arral, M. L., & Whitehead, K. A. (2026) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-026-00401-1 · Cited by 41
“Their transient activity, lack of genomic integration and broad functional scope position them as versatile treatment platforms 118 .”
Self-citationStrategies to deliver RNA by nanoparticles for therapeutic potential
Cox, A., Lim, S. A., & Chung, E. J. (2021) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2021.100991 · Cited by 28
Veeren, A., Ogunyankin, M. O., Shin, J. E., & Zasadzinski, J. A. (2022) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14040701 · Cited by 26
Application of mRNA Technology in Cancer Therapeutics
Eralp, Y. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10081262 · Cited by 27
“Therefore, ex vivo transfected engineered dendritic cells or chimeric antigen receptor T cells have been developed as cancer vaccines or adoptive cell therapy strategies to target cancer cells once introduced in the host [76].”
BackgroundPoly(aspartic acid)-Based Polymeric Nanoparticle for Local and Systemic mRNA Delivery
Park, Y., Moses, A. S., Demessie, A. A., Singh, P., Lee, H., Korzun, T., Taratula, O. R., Alani, A. W. G., & Taratula, O. (2022) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00738 · Cited by 26
A Thermal and Enzymatic Dual‐Stimuli Responsive DNA‐Based Nanomachine for Controlled mRNA Delivery
Li, F., Sun, X., Yang, J., Ren, J., Huang, M., Wang, S., & Yang, D. (2022) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202204905 · Cited by 25
Mathur, S., Chaturvedi, A., & Ranjan, R. (2025) · Nanoscale Advances · doi:10.1039/d5na00044k · Cited by 27
Furan-Derived Lipid Nanoparticles for Transporting mRNA to the Central Nervous System
Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Li, H., Guo, K., Tian, M., Cao, D., Kang, D. D., Xue, Y., Hou, X., Wang, C., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.4c16326 · Cited by 26
Li, Y., Li, R., Chakraborty, A., Ogurlu, R., Zhao, X., Chen, J., & Xu, Q. (2020) · Bioconjugate Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00295 · Cited by 25
Universal Flu mRNA Vaccine: Promises, Prospects, and Problems
Deviatkin, A. A., Simonov, R. A., Trutneva, K. A., Maznina, A. A., Khavina, E. M., & Volchkov, P. (2022) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines10050709 · Cited by 26
“Chemical modifications of nucleosides naturally occurring as post-translational modifications in cells may allow the prevention of Toll-like receptor-mediated activation of the immune response [69].”
BackgroundFeng, Y., Guo, Z., Chen, J., Zhang, S., Wu, J., Tian, H., & Chen, X. (2022) · Biomaterials Science · doi:10.1039/d2bm01211a · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Hajj, K. A., & Whitehead, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whitehead, Kathryn A.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Materials
- Published
- 2017-09-12
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 10
- ISSN
- 2058-8437 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2754401101
- Cited by
- 799
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Materials (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (D16AP00143)
- Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- mRNA therapeutics, mRNA delivery, synthetic materials, lipid nanoparticles, mRNA vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, in vitro transcribed mRNA
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
