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Transposition of hAT elements links transposable elements and V(D)J recombination
Abstract
Transposons are DNA sequences that encode functions that promote their movement to new locations in the genome. If unregulated, such movement could potentially insert additional DNA into genes, thereby disrupting gene expression and compromising an organism's viability. Transposable elements are classified by their transposition mechanisms and by the transposases that mediate their movement. The mechanism of movement of the eukaryotic hAT superfamily elements was previously unknown, but the divergent sequence of hAT transposases from other elements suggested that these elements might use a distinct mechanism. Here we have analysed transposition of the insect hAT element Hermes in vitro. Like other transposons, Hermes excises from DNA via double-strand breaks between the donor-site DNA and the transposon ends, and the newly exposed transposon ends join to the target DNA. Interestingly, the ends of the donor double-strand breaks form hairpin intermediates, as observed during V(D)J recombination, the process which underlies the combinatorial formation of antigen receptor genes. Significant similarities exist in the catalytic amino acids of Hermes transposase, the V(D)J recombinase RAG, and retroviral integrase superfamily transposases, thereby linking the movement of transposable elements and V(D)J recombination.
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“This includes the distances between the second D and E residues, which are much longer in Transib transposons (206–214 aa) and RAG1 (253 aa) than in DDE TPases from other studied superfamilies (e.g., approximately 35-aa in Mariner/Tc1 [23], 2-aa in P [23], approximately 35-aa in Harbinger [24], with hAT as an exception (325-aa, [25]).”
From RAG1 Core and V(D)J Recombination Signal Sequences Were Derived from Transib Transposons (2005) · cites this paper as [25]
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“Structural analysis of the HIV integrase and Mu and Tn5 transposases has previously demonstrated that the highly conserved catalytic DDE acidic amino acids lie on a common structure, that is, an RNaseH-like fold, and that they are closely juxtaposed, as appropriate for formation of a single active sit”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhou, L., Mitra, R., Atkinson, P. W., Burgess Hickman, A., Dyda, F., & Craig, N. L.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Craig, Nancy L.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2004-12
- Volume
- 432
- Issue
- 7020
- Pages
- 995-1001
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2071441005
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 20.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Keywords
- hAT transposons, transposition mechanism, V(D)J recombination, DNA double-strand breaks, transposon excision
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, Binding Sites, DNA, DNA Transposable Elements, Drosophila melanogaster, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Recombination, Genetic, Substrate Specificity, Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Homeodomain Proteins, Transposases
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