Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East Asian monsoon
Open accessAbstract
The Asian-Australian monsoon is an important component of the Earth's climate system that influences the societal and economic activity of roughly half the world's population. The past strength of the rain-bearing East Asian summer monsoon can be reconstructed with archives such as cave deposits, but the winter monsoon has no such signature in the hydrological cycle and has thus proved difficult to reconstruct. Here we present high-resolution records of the magnetic properties and the titanium content of the sediments of Lake Huguang Maar in coastal southeast China over the past 16,000 years, which we use as proxies for the strength of the winter monsoon winds. We find evidence for stronger winter monsoon winds before the Bølling-Allerød warming, during the Younger Dryas episode and during the middle and late Holocene, when cave stalagmites suggest weaker summer monsoons. We conclude that this anticorrelation is best explained by migrations in the intertropical convergence zone. Similar migrations of the intertropical convergence zone have been observed in Central America for the period ad 700 to 900 (refs 4-6), suggesting global climatic changes at that time. From the coincidence in timing, we suggest that these migrations in the tropical rain belt could have contributed to the declines of both the Tang dynasty in China and the Classic Maya in Central America.
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It may not be possible to assess the intensity of winter monsoons through titanium concentrations.
“Third, it may not be possible to assess the intensity of winter monsoons through titanium concentrations.”
From Climate change and Chinese history: a review of trends, topics, and methods (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
The suggestion that the climate in China became colder in the mid-eighth century is not novel.
“First, the suggestion that the climate in China became colder in the mid-eighth century is not novel.”
From Climate change and Chinese history: a review of trends, topics, and methods (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
Yancheva et al. appear to have thought, wrongly, that the war with the Arabs contributed to the collapse of the Tang dynasty.
“Fourth, Yancheva et al. appear to have thought, wrongly, that the war with the Arabs contributed to the collapse of the Tang dynasty.25,26”
From Climate change and Chinese history: a review of trends, topics, and methods (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
The idea that droughts occurred in the summer because of more powerful winter and weaker summer monsoons does not correspond with historical records.
“Second, the idea that droughts occurred in the summer because of more powerful winter and weaker summer monsoons does not correspond with historical records.”
From Climate change and Chinese history: a review of trends, topics, and methods (2015) · cites this paper as [26]
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“Over land, the position and expansion of the ITCZ are inter-related with the Monsoon’s strength (Fleitmann et al., 2007; Yancheva et al., 2007; Sachs et al., 2009).”
BackgroundObliquity pacing of the western Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone over the past 282,000 years
Liu, Y., Lo, L., Shi, Z., Wei, K., Chou, C.-J., Chen, Y.-C., Chuang, C.-K., Chung‐Che, W., Mii, H., Peng, Z., et al. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10018 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Li, X., Zhao, K., Dodson, J., & Zhou, X. (2011) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.09.010 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Sulfur dioxide initiates global climate change in four ways
Ward, P. L. (2009) · Thin Solid Films · doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2009.01.005 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Holocene moisture changes in western China, Central Asia, inferred from stalagmites
Cai, Y., Chiang, J. C. H., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Tan, L., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., & An, Z. (2017) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.12.014 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“…human society in Central Asia over the last 2,000 years 617 618 The role of climatic and environmental changes in determining the success and failure of 619 societies is still intensely debated (deMenocal, 2001; Yancheva et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2005; 620 Zhang et al., 2010, Donges et al. 2015).”
BackgroundMügler, I., Gleixner, G., Günther, F., Mäusbacher, R., Daut, G., Schütt, B., Berking, J., Schwalb, A., Schwark, L., Xu, B., et al. (2009) · Journal of Paleolimnology · doi:10.1007/s10933-009-9357-0 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Kennett, D. J., KENNETT, J., WEST, G., Erlandson, J. M., Johnson, J. V., Hendy, I. L., West, A., Culleton, B. J., Jones, T. L., & STAFFORDJR, T. (2008) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.09.006 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Lee, S., Chiang, J. C. H., Matsumoto, K., & Tokos, K. (2011) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/2010pa002004 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“2001; Yancheva et al., 2007; Cai et al., 2010], Cariaco Basin rainfall [Haug et al., 2003] and SST [Lea et al., 2003], Patagonian river runoff [Sepulveda et al., 2009], and Peruvian mountain glacier expansion [Licciardi et al., 2009].”
BackgroundStebich, M., Mingram, J., Han, J., & Liu, J. (2008) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.10.010 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the interpretation of Chinese loess as a paleoclimate indicator
Roe, G. H. (2008) · Quaternary Research · doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2008.09.004 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“…in research papers (e.g., Porter and An, 1995; Mayewski et al., 1997; Meeker and Mayewski, 2002; Zhang et al., 2002; Sun and Wang, 2005; Yancheva et al., 2007; Sun et al., 2008) and review papers (e.g., Liu and Ding, 1998; An, 2000; Broecker and Hemming, 2001; Porter, 2001; Voelker et…”
BackgroundSteinke, S., Glatz, C., Mohtadi, M., Groeneveld, J., Li, Q., & Jian, Z. (2011) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2011.06.006 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Synchronous environmental and cultural change in the prehistory of the northeastern United States
Muñoz, S. E., Gajewski, K., & Peros, M. C. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1005764107 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Coordinated hydrological regimes in the Indo-Pacific region during the past two millennia
Tierney, J. E., Oppo, D. W., Rosenthal, Y., Russell, J. M., & Linsley, B. K. (2010) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/2009pa001871 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“…EASM would shift the tropical rain belt away from Indonesia on a mean annual basis, weaken convection during the winter monsoon season [e.g., Yancheva et al., 2007], and transport more depleted moisture from the IPWP to southeast China, leaving an enriched mass behind [e.g., LeGrande and…”
BackgroundHuang, E., Tian, J., & Steinke, S. (2010) · Quaternary Research · doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2010.08.014 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“Zhou et al. (2009) have shown that insteadof being transported by winds, as suggested by Yancheva et al. (2007), the titanium most likely come from the catchment area of Lake Huguang Maar.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialProductivity collapses in the Arabian Sea during glacial cold phases
Singh, A., Jung, S. J. A., Darling, K., Ganeshram, R., Ivanochko, T., & Kroon, D. (2011) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/2009pa001923 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
“Aided by the control of wind flow exerted by the Himalayas, the relocated Westerly airflow would have “separated” the West Asian monsoon system from that in the East, allowing a strengthened winter monsoon to develop in East Asia [An, 2000; Lu et al., 2000; Porter and An, 1995; Yancheva et al., 2007 ], whereas it was…”
BackgroundHou, J., D'Andrea, W. J., Wang, M., He, Y. L., & Liang, J. (2017) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.03.013 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Denniston, R. F., Wyrwoll, K., Asmerom, Y., Polyak, V. J., Humphreys, W. F., Cugley, J., Woods, D., LaPointe, Z., Peota, J., & Greaves, E. (2013) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.012 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“Anti-phasing of the East Asian summer and winter monsoons has been suggested (Yancheva et al., 2007), and if correct, then the strengthened EASM occurring during D/O interstadials (and between Heinrich stadials) would have coincided with a weakened cross-equatorial flow, diminishing IASM rainfall in the Australian tro…”
BackgroundJuyal, N., Pant, R. K., Basavaiah, N., Bhushan, R., Jain, M., Saini, N. K., Yadava, M. G., & Singhvi, A. K. (2008) · Journal of Asian Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.07.007 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Environmental change and social conflict: the northeast Atlantic mackerel dispute
Spijkers, J., & Boonstra, W. J. (2017) · Regional Environmental Change · doi:10.1007/s10113-017-1150-4 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
“That environmental change can lead to social conflict has been witnessed many times during human history (Cullen et al. 2000; Zhang et al. 2007; Haug et al. 2003; Yancheva et al. 2007; Burke et al. 2015).”
BackgroundLi, X., Dodson, J., Zhou, J., & Zhou, X. (2008) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2008.02.009 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Quinn, J. D., Reed, P. M., Giuliani, M., Castelletti, A. F., Oyler, J. W., & Nicholas, R. E. (2018) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2018wr022743 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“This hypothesis is supported by paleodata from sediment records in the South China Sea, which show an inverse correlation in the strengths of the winter and summer monsoon in Southeast Asia (Wang et al., 1999; Yancheva et al., 2007).”
BackgroundHolocene marine14C reservoir age variability: Evidence from230Th-dated corals in the South China Sea
Yu, K., Hua, Q., Zhao, J., Hodge, E., Fink, D. W., & Barbetti, M. (2010) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/2009pa001831 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Interhemispheric symmetry of the tropical African rainbelt over the past 23,000 years
Collins, J. A., Schefuß, E., Heslop, D., Mulitza, S., Prange, M., Zabel, M., Tjallingii, R., Dokken, T., Huang, E., Mackensen, A., et al. (2010) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1039 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Wang, S., Lü, H., Liu, J., & Negendank, J. F. W. (2007) · Chinese Science Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s11434-007-0419-2 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationWagner, M., Tarasov, P. E., Hosner, D., Fleck, A., Ehrich, R., Chen, X., & Leipe, C. (2012) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2012.06.039 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Quantitative Holocene climatic reconstructions for the lower Yangtze region of China
Li, J., Dodson, J., Yan, H., Wang, W., Innés, J. B., Zong, Y., Zhang, X., Xu, Q., Ni, J., & Lu, F. (2017) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3664-3 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Chen, H., Yeh, P.-Y., Song, S., Hsu, S., Yang, T., Wang, Y., Chi, Z., Lee, T.-Q., Chen, M., Cheng, C.-L., et al. (2013) · Journal of Asian Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.04.017 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Yi, L., Yu, H., Ge, J., Lai, Z., Xingyong, X., Qin, L., & Peng, S. (2011) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0052-6 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“These heat and moisture, crucial in the social processes in the agriculture era (Yancheva et al. 2007; Zhang et al. 2008; Cook et al. 2010), have attracted great attentions in climate studies in past decades (e.”
BackgroundPeriodic climate cooling enhanced natural disasters and wars in China during AD 10–1900
Zhang, Z., Tian, H., Cazelles, B., Kausrud, K. L., Bräuning, A., Guo, F., & Stenseth, N. C. (2010) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0890 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Wang, L., Lü, H., Liu, J., Gu, Z., Mingram, J., Chu, G., Li, J., Rioual, P., Negendank, J. F. W., Han, J., et al. (2008) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2008jd010145 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“Trend in magnetic susceptibility and titanium content, which were derived from the same core and interpreted as proxy records for aeolian input [Yancheva et al., 2007], will be compared to our diatom data.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationLewis, S. C., LeGrande, A. N., Kelley, M., & Schmidt, G. A. (2010) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-6-325-2010 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Allan, R. P., & Soden, B. J. (2007) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2007gl031460 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“[2] Past changes in precipitation are thought to have profoundly affected past human societies [e.g., Yancheva et al., 2007] and projected increases in the total area affected by drought and the flood risk associated with increased frequency of heavy precipitation events are expected to exert an…”
BackgroundMillennial-scale Asian summer monsoon variations in South China since the last deglaciation
Wang, X., Chu, G., Sheng, M., Zhang, S., Li, J., Chen, Y., Tang, L., Su, Y., Pei, J., & Yang, Z. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.07.006 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
A 2000‐year dust storm record from Lake Sugan in the dust source area of arid China
Chen, F., Qiang, M., Zhou, A., Xiao, S., Chen, J., & Sun, D. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/jgrd.50140 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“…sources of information on the long-term history of dust emission and eolian activity in dust source areas [De Deckker et al., 1991; Jin et al., 2000; Street-Perrott et al., 2000] and on dust falls at remote dust deposition sites [Xiao et al., 1997; Lim et al., 2005; Yancheva et al., 2007].”
BackgroundTian, J., Xie, X., Ma, W., Jin, H., & Wang, P. (2011) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/2010pa002045 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Climatic change and dynastic cycles in Chinese history: a review essay
Fan, K. (2009) · Climatic Change · doi:10.1007/s10584-009-9702-3 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Kramer, A., Herzschuh, U., Mischke, S., & Zhang, C. (2010) · Quaternary Research · doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2009.12.003 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“However, the information about climatic conditions in monsoonal Asia points to relatively low moisture availability in monsoonal Asia and a strong winter monsoon between the LGM and 14,800 cal yr BP (Herzschuh, 2006; Yancheva et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialBaldassarre, G. D., Brandimarte, L., & Beven, K. J. (2015) · Hydrological Sciences Journal · doi:10.1080/02626667.2015.1091460 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“4), while the proxies used for dating historical droughts are affected by significant uncertainties (Aimers and Hodell 2011; see also Yancheva et al. 2007, related discussion).”
BackgroundSteinke, S., Mohtadi, M., Groeneveld, J., Lin, L.-C., Löwemark, L., Chen, M., & Rendle-Bühring, R. (2010) · Paleoceanography · doi:10.1029/2009pa001850 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“obliquiloculata ‐ G. ruber s.l.) (blue); (b) DT(Alkenone‐T ‐ Mg/Ca‐T P. obliquiloculata); (c) Chinese loess grain size records [Stevens et al., 2007]; (d) Sulu Sea primary productivity [de Garidel‐Thoron et al., 2001]; (e) Lake Huguang Maar Ti (cps) record [ Yancheva et al., 2007 ]; and (f) stalagmite d 18 O records f…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHui, Z., Li, J., Xu, Q., Song, C., Zhang, J., Wu, F., & Zhao, Z. (2011) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.05.043 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Liu, H., Gu, Y., Huang, X., Yu, Z., Xie, S., & Cheng, S. (2019) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.034 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Weak monsoon event at 4.2 ka recorded in sediment from Lake Rara, Himalayas
Nakamura, A., Yokoyama, Y., Maemoku, H., Yagi, H., Okamura, M., Matsuoka, H., Miyake, N., Osada, T., Adhikari, D. P., Dangol, V., et al. (2015) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.05.053 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Mingram, J., Stebich, M., Schettler, G., Hu, Y., Rioual, P., Nowaczyk, N. R., Dulski, P., You, H., Opitz, S., Liu, Q., et al. (2018) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.09.023 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, H., Goldsmith, Y., Lan, J., Tan, L., Wang, X., Zhou, X., Cheng, J., Lang, Y., & Liu, C. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2019gl084705 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“However, the late Holocene HGY Ti contents deviate from the LC lake level trend, this is not surprising as the sedimentation rate nearly tripled during the late Holocene (Yancheva et al., 2007), which may be ascribed to strong anthropogenic impacts on the HGY sedimentary Ti contents.”
BackgroundInfluentialA high-resolved record of the Asian Summer Monsoon from Dongge Cave, China for the past 1200 years
Zhao, K., Wang, Y., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H., Liu, D., & Kong, X. (2015) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.05.030 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Proxy benchmarks for intercomparison of 8.2 ka simulations
Morrill, C., Anderson, D. M., Bauer, B. A., Buckner, R., Gille, E. P., Gross, W. S., Hartman, M., & Shah, A. (2013) · Climate of the past · doi:10.5194/cp-9-423-2013 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Of particular interest are indications of reduced AMOC (Arz et al., 2001; Ellison et al., 2006), glacier advances in Europe and North America (Menounos et al., 2004; Matthews et al., 2000; Nesje et al., 2001) and strengthening of the Asian winter monsoon (Yancheva et al., 2007).”
BackgroundHuang, X., Chen, C.-Z., Jia, W.-N., An, C., Zhou, A., Zhang, J., Jin, M., Xia, D., Chen, F., & Grimm, E. C. (2015) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.04.027 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Chen, S., Liu, J., Wang, X., Zhao, S., Chen, J., Qiang, M., Liu, B., Xu, Q., Xia, D., & Chen, F. (2021) · 中国科学通报：英文版 · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2021.08.008 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationSee–saw relationship of the Holocene East Asian–Australian summer monsoon
Eroglu, D., McRobie, F. H., Ozken, I., Stemler, T., Wyrwoll, K., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Marwan, N., & Kurths, J. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms12929 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Xu, C., Zheng, H., Nakatsuka, T., & Sano, M. (2013) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2013jd019803 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“[3] Although long-term lake sediment [Yancheva et al., 2007] and stalagmite records [Jiang et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2008] exist in southern China, these relatively lowresolution records are difficult to compare directly with annual meteorological data.”
BackgroundWu, X., Zhaohui Zhang, A., Xu, X., & Shen, J. (2012) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.020 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Zheng, X., Li, A., Wan, S., Jiang, F., Kao, S.-J., & Johnson, C. L. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans · doi:10.1002/2013jc009603 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yancheva, G., Nowaczyk, N. R., Mingram, J., Dulski, P., Schettler, G., Negendank, J. F. W., Liu, J., Sigman, D. M., Peterson, L. C., & Haug, G. H.
- Affiliations
- GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences (DE)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Princeton University (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Corresponding author
- Haug, Gerald H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2007-01-04
- Volume
- 445
- Issue
- 7123
- Pages
- 74-77
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2040945899
- Semantic Scholar
- fb1091bd698430b3e144d519cfb7c255993750d9
- Cited by
- 944
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 41 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 31.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) (submittedVersion)
- Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Keywords
- Intertropical Convergence Zone, East Asian winter monsoon, East Asian summer monsoon, ITCZ migration, lake sediments, magnetic properties, titanium content, monsoon strength, Holocene, Younger Dryas, Bølling-Allerød, drought, Cariaco Basin, paleoclimate
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