Warm Middle Miocene Indian Ocean Bottom Water Temperatures: Comparison of Clumped Isotope and Mg/Ca‐Based Estimates
Open accessAbstract
The middle Miocene is an important analogue for potential future warm climates. However, few independent deep ocean temperature records exist, though these are important for climate model validation and estimates of changes in ice volume. Existing records, all based on the foraminiferal Mg/Ca proxy, suggest that bottom water temperatures were 5–8°C warmer than present. In order to improve confidence in these bottom water temperature reconstructions, we generated a new record using carbonate clumped isotopes (Δ 47) and compared our results with Mg/Ca‐based estimates for the Indian Ocean at ODP Site 761. Our results indicate temperatures of 11.0 ± 1.7°C during the middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO, 14.7–17 Ma) and 8.1 ± 1.9°C after the middle Miocene Climate Transition (MCT, 13.0–14.7 Ma), values 6 to 9°C warmer than present. Our record also indicates cooling across the MCT of 2.9 ± 2.5°C (uncertainties 95% confidence level). The Mg/Ca record derived from the same samples indicates temperatures well within uncertainty of Δ 47. As the two proxies are affected by different non‐thermal biases, the good agreement provides confidence in these reconstructed temperatures. Our Δ 47 temperature record implies a ~0.6‰ seawater δ 18 O change over the MCT, in good agreement with previously published values from other sites. Our data furthermore confirm overall high seawater δ 18 O values across the middle Miocene, at face value suggesting ice volumes exceeding present‐day despite the warm bottom water temperatures. This finding suggests previously underappreciated additional influences on seawater δ 18 O and/or a decoupling of ice volume and ocean temperature.
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The accompanying δ18O seawater curve can also be used to estimate global ice volume through time.
“The accompanying δ 18 O seawater curve can also be used to estimate global ice volume through time (Leutert et al. 2020, Modestou et al. 2020).”
From Frontiers of Carbonate Clumped Isotope Thermometry (2023) · cites this paper as Modestou et al. 2020
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- Authors
- Modestou, S. E., Leutert, T. J., Fernandez, A., Lear, C. H., & Meckler, A. N.
- Affiliations
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (NO)
- Department of Earth Sciences University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Modestou, S. E.
- Venue
- Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 11
- ISSN
- 2572-4517 (ISSN-L)
- 2572-4525
- OpenAlex
- W3084602223
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 3.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Bergens Forskningsstiftelse
- National Eye Research Centre (NE/P019102/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and environmental studies
- Keywords
- Middle Miocene, Indian Ocean, bottom water temperature, carbonate clumped isotopes, Mg/Ca proxy, Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum, Middle Miocene Climate Transition, seawater δ18O, ice volume, paleoclimate reconstruction
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