Cited by 3,812Immune Response and InflammationInflammation biomarkers and pathwaysSepsis Diagnosis and Treatment

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury

Open access

Abstract

Injury causes a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that is clinically much like sepsis. Microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) activate innate immunocytes through pattern recognition receptors. Similarly, cellular injury can release endogenous 'damage'-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that activate innate immunity. Mitochondria are evolutionary endosymbionts that were derived from bacteria and so might bear bacterial molecular motifs. Here we show that injury releases mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs) into the circulation with functionally important immune consequences. MTDs include formyl peptides and mitochondrial DNA. These activate human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) through formyl peptide receptor-1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, respectively. MTDs promote PMN Ca(2+) flux and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, thus leading to PMN migration and degranulation in vitro and in vivo. Circulating MTDs can elicit neutrophil-mediated organ injury. Cellular disruption by trauma releases mitochondrial DAMPs with evolutionarily conserved similarities to bacterial PAMPs into the circulation. These signal through innate immune pathways identical to those activated in sepsis to create a sepsis-like state. The release of such mitochondrial 'enemies within' by cellular injury is a key link between trauma, inflammation and SIRS.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nature08780

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 34 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 1,018

Metadata

Authors
Zhang, Q., Raoof, M., Chen, Y., Sumi, Y., Sursal, T., Junger, W., Brohi, K., Itagaki, K., & Hauser, C. J.
Affiliations
  • Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
  • Queen Mary University of London (GB)
Corresponding author
Hauser, Carl J.
Venue
Nature
Published
2010-03
Volume
464
Issue
7285
Pages
104-107
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2134219545
Cited by
3,812
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 253 · 2025: 254 · 2024: 268 · 2023: 266 · 2022: 267 · 2021: 294 · 2020: 275 · 2019: 243 · 2018: 246 · 2017: 252 · 2016: 248 · 2015: 230 · 2014: 196 · 2013: 176 · 2012: 148
FWCI
70.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Defense
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM051477, R01GM059179)
  • Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Keywords
mitochondrial DAMPs, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondrial DNA, formyl peptides, FPR1, TLR9, neutrophils, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, trauma (physical injury), innate immunity, neutrophil degranulation, MAPK signaling, target organ damage
MeSH terms
Animals, Cells, Cultured, DNA, Mitochondrial, Femur, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Liver, Male, Mitochondria, N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine, Neutrophils, Phosphorylation, Wounds and Injuries, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Muscle, Skeletal, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Sepsis, CpG Islands, Calcium Signaling, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Receptors, Formyl Peptide, Fractures, Bone, Toll-Like Receptor 9, Rats, Acute Lung Injury

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review