Cell Signalling by MicroRNA165/6 Directs Gene Dose-Dependent Root Cell Fate
Open accessAbstract
A key question in developmental biology is how cells exchange positional information for proper patterning during organ development. In plant roots the radial tissue organization is highly conserved with a central vascular cylinder in which two water conducting cell types, protoxylem and metaxylem, are patterned centripetally. We show that this patterning occurs through crosstalk between the vascular cylinder and the surrounding endodermis mediated by cell-to-cell movement of a transcription factor in one direction and microRNAs in the other. SHORT ROOT, produced in the vascular cylinder, moves into the endodermis to activate SCARECROW. Together these transcription factors activate MIR165a and MIR166b. Endodermally produced microRNA165/6 then acts to degrade its target mRNAs encoding class III homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factors in the endodermis and stele periphery. The resulting differential distribution of target mRNA in the vascular cylinder determines xylem cell types in a dosage-dependent manner.
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Small RNA pathways, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), play a vital role in regulating gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, influencing processes such as cell fate in eukaryotes.
“Another key epigenetic mechanism involves small RNA pathways, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which play a vital role in regulating gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, influencing essential processes such as cell fate in eukaryotes [59,60].”
From Somaclonal Variation and Clonal Fidelity in Commercial Micropropagation: Challenges and Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
The Discussion (page not supplied) describes a pathway integrating transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in Arabidopsis root patterning, with miR165/6 regulating a target mRNA. The Xylem patterning requires PHB restriction section (page not supplied) says xylem patterning is primarily mediated by miRNAs, not siRNAs. The paper therefore supports the miRNA-and-cell-fate portion, but not the broader attribution that both miRNAs and siRNAs regulate gene expression at both levels across eukaryotes. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Carlsbecker, A., Lee, J.-Y., Roberts, C. J., Dettmer, J., Lehesranta, S., Zhou, J., Lindgren, O., Moreno-Risueno, M. A., Vatén, A., Thitamadee, S., Campilho, A., Sebastian, J., Bowman, J. L., Helariutta, Y., & Benfey, P. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Cornell University (US)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Monash University (AU)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Helariutta, Ykä
- Benfey, Philip N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2010-04-21
- Volume
- 465
- Issue
- 7296
- Pages
- 316-321
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC2967782
- OpenAlex
- W2083540641
- Cited by
- 861
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 67 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 61
- FWCI
- 81.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM043778)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Keywords
- SHORT-ROOT, scarecrow, protoxylem, metaxylem, endodermis, vascular cylinder, positional information, root development, Arabidopsis thaliana
- MeSH terms
- Cell Movement, Endoderm, Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Arabidopsis, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Plant Roots, Gene Dosage, RNA, Plant, Cell Lineage, Body Patterning, Arabidopsis Proteins, RNA Transport, MicroRNAs, Organogenesis, Xylem
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