Cited by 8,476Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental ImpactLand Use and Ecosystem ServicesClimate change impacts on agriculture

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Solutions for a cultivated planet

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Foley, Jonathan A., Ramankutty, Navin, Brauman, Kate A., Cassidy, Emily S., Gerber, James S., Johnston, Matt, Mueller, Nathaniel D., O’Connell, Christine, Ray, Deepak K., West, Paul C., Balzer, Christian, Bennett, Elena M., Carpenter, Stephen R., Hill, Jason, Monfreda, Chad, Polasky, Stephen, Rockström, Johan, Sheehan, John, Siebert, Stefan, Tilman, David, Zaks, David P. M.·2011·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature10452

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Abstract

Increasing population and consumption are placing unprecedented demands on agriculture and natural resources. Today, approximately a billion people are chronically malnourished while our agricultural systems are concurrently degrading land, water, biodiversity and climate on a global scale. To meet the world's future food security and sustainability needs, food production must grow substantially while, at the same time, agriculture's environmental footprint must shrink dramatically. Here we analyse solutions to this dilemma, showing that tremendous progress could be made by halting agricultural expansion, closing 'yield gaps' on underperforming lands, increasing cropping efficiency, shifting diets and reducing waste. Together, these strategies could double food production while greatly reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.

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Authors: Foley, J. A., Ramankutty, N., Brauman, K. A., Cassidy, E. S., Gerber, J. S., Johnston, M., Mueller, N. D., O’Connell, C., Ray, D. K., West, P. C., Balzer, C., Bennett, E. M., Carpenter, S. R., Hill, J., Monfreda, C., Polasky, S., Rockström, J., Sheehan, J., Siebert, S., Tilman, D., & Zaks, D. P. M.
Affiliations: University of Minnesota (US)
McGill University (CA)
University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Arizona State University (US)
Stockholm Resilience Centre (SE)
University of Bonn (DE)
Corresponding author: Foley, Jonathan A.
ORCID: Ramankutty, Navin
Brauman, Kate A.
Cassidy, Emily S.
Gerber, James S.
Mueller, Nathaniel D.
O’Connell, Christine
Ray, Deepak K.
West, Paul C.
Bennett, Elena M.
Carpenter, Stephen R.
Hill, Jason
Polasky, Stephen
Rockström, Johan
Sheehan, John
Siebert, Stefan
Tilman, David
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2011-10
Volume: 478
Issue: 7369
Pages: 337-342
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature10452
OpenAlex: W2126902408
Cited by: 8,476
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 580 · 2025: 616 · 2024: 731 · 2023: 710 · 2022: 738 · 2021: 821 · 2020: 814 · 2019: 685 · 2018: 586 · 2017: 489 · 2016: 477 · 2015: 404 · 2014: 348 · 2013: 294 · 2012: 167
FWCI: 230.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
escholarship.org
Licence: cc-by
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Funders: National Science Foundation
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Land Use and Ecosystem Services
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Climate change impacts on agriculture
Keywords: food security, agricultural expansion, yield gap, dietary change, food production growth, environmental impact of agriculture, land degradation, energy crops, animal feed, food waste, population growth
MeSH terms: Agriculture, Conservation of Natural Resources, Diet, Environment, Food Supply, Humans, Models, Theoretical

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