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Atmospheric oxygenation three billion years ago

Crowe, Sean A., Døssing, Lasse N., Beukes, Nicolas J., Bau, Michael, Kruger, Stephanus J., Frei, Robert, Canfield, Donald E.·2013·Nature

DOI 10.1038/nature12426

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Abstract

It is widely assumed that atmospheric oxygen concentrations remained persistently low (less than 10(-5) times present levels) for about the first 2 billion years of Earth's history. The first long-term oxygenation of the atmosphere is thought to have taken place around 2.3 billion years ago, during the Great Oxidation Event. Geochemical indications of transient atmospheric oxygenation, however, date back to 2.6-2.7 billion years ago. Here we examine the distribution of chromium isotopes and redox-sensitive metals in the approximately 3-billion-year-old Nsuze palaeosol and in the near-contemporaneous Ijzermyn iron formation from the Pongola Supergroup, South Africa. We find extensive mobilization of redox-sensitive elements through oxidative weathering. Furthermore, using our data we compute a best minimum estimate for atmospheric oxygen concentrations at that time of 3 × 10(-4) times present levels. Overall, our findings suggest that there were appreciable levels of atmospheric oxygen about 3 billion years ago, more than 600 million years before the Great Oxidation Event and some 300-400 million years earlier than previous indications for Earth surface oxygenation.

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Crowe, S. A. et al. Oxidative weathering fractionates chromium isotopes. Mineral. Mag. 75, 706 (2011)

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Authors: Crowe, S. A., Døssing, L. N., Beukes, N. J., Bau, M., Kruger, S. J., Frei, R., & Canfield, D. E.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
University of Copenhagen (DK)
University of Johannesburg (ZA)
Constructor University (DE)
University of Southern Denmark (DK)
Corresponding author: Crowe, Sean A.
ORCID: Crowe, Sean A.
Beukes, Nicolas J.
Bau, Michael
Frei, Robert
Canfield, Donald E.
Venue: Nature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2013-09
Volume: 501
Issue: 7468
Pages: 535-538
ISSN: 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature12426
OpenAlex: W2073562922
Cited by: 640
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 66 · 2017: 64 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 39.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
Keywords: atmospheric oxygenation, Great Oxidation Event, chromium isotopes, redox-sensitive metals, oxidative weathering, Pongola Supergroup, early Earth atmosphere, Precambrian
MeSH terms: Cyanobacteria, Atmosphere, Chromium Isotopes, Biological Evolution, Iron, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen, Photosynthesis, South Africa, Earth, Planet, Geologic Sediments, History, Ancient

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