Biological regulation of atmospheric chemistry en route to planetary oxygenation
Open accessAbstract
Significance: It has been proposed that enhanced methane fluxes to Earth’s early atmosphere could have altered atmospheric chemistry, initiating a hydrocarbon-rich haze reminiscent of Saturn’s moon Titan. The occurrence, cause, and significance of haze development, however, remain unknown. Here, we test and refine the “haze hypothesis” by combining an ultra-high-resolution sulfur- and carbon-isotope dataset with photochemical simulations to reveal the structure and timing of haze development. These data suggest that haze persisted for ∼1 million years, requiring a sustained biological driver. We propose that enhanced atmospheric CH 4 , implied by the presence of haze, could have had a significant impact on the escape of hydrogen from the atmosphere, effectively contributing to the terminal oxidation of Earth’s surficial environments ∼2.4 billion years ago.
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The structure of S-MIF variations in Archean sedimentary minerals and their correlation with light, organic δ13C have been attributed to episodic hazes driven by variable atmospheric CH4:CO2 ratios.
“Consequently, the structure of S-MIF variations in Archean sedimentary minerals and their correlation with light, organic δ13C have been attributed to episodic hazes driven by variable atmospheric CH4:CO2 ratios (60, 193–196).”
From The Archean atmosphere (2020) · cites this paper as [194]
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- Authors
- Izon, G., Zerkle, A. L., Williford, K. H., Farquhar, J., Poulton, S. W., & Claire, M. W.
- Affiliations
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (US)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2017-03-13
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- E2571-E2579
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC5380067
- OpenAlex
- W2596373998
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 7
- FWCI
- 10.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council (NE/J023485, NE/H016805)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (N/A)
- The Scottish Alliance for Geoscience, the Environment and Society (N/A)
- Geological Society of London (n/A)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Keywords
- early Earth atmosphere, methane, atmospheric chemistry, sulfur isotopes, carbon isotopes, hydrogen escape, atmospheric oxygenation, biomethane production
- MeSH terms
- Atmosphere, Models, Theoretical, Oxygen, Time Factors, Earth, Planet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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