Cited by 5,549Gut microbiota and healthT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyInflammatory Bowel Disease

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Commensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells

Abstract

Gut commensal microbes shape the mucosal immune system by regulating the differentiation and expansion of several types of T cell. Clostridia, a dominant class of commensal microbe, can induce colonic regulatory T (Treg) cells, which have a central role in the suppression of inflammatory and allergic responses. However, the molecular mechanisms by which commensal microbes induce colonic Treg cells have been unclear. Here we show that a large bowel microbial fermentation product, butyrate, induces the differentiation of colonic Treg cells in mice. A comparative NMR-based metabolome analysis suggests that the luminal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids positively correlates with the number of Treg cells in the colon. Among short-chain fatty acids, butyrate induced the differentiation of Treg cells in vitro and in vivo, and ameliorated the development of colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4(+) CD45RB(hi) T cells in Rag1(-/-) mice. Treatment of naive T cells under the Treg-cell-polarizing conditions with butyrate enhanced histone H3 acetylation in the promoter and conserved non-coding sequence regions of the Foxp3 locus, suggesting a possible mechanism for how microbial-derived butyrate regulates the differentiation of Treg cells. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanisms by which host-microbe interactions establish immunological homeostasis in the gut.

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Crossref · 10.1038/nature12721

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Metadata

Authors
Furusawa, Y., Obata, Y., Fukuda, S., Endo, T. A., Nakato, G., Takahashi, D., Nakanishi, Y., Uetake, C., Kato, K., Kato, T., Takahashi, M., Fukuda, N. N., Murakami, S., Miyauchi, E., Hino, S., Atarashi, K., Onawa, S., Fujimura, Y., Lockett, T., Clarke, J. M., Topping, D. L., Tomita, M., Hori, S., Ohara, O., Morita, T., Koseki, H., Kikuchi, J., Honda, K., Hase, K., & Ohno, H.
Affiliations
  • RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (JP)
  • Chiba University (JP)
  • Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University (JP)
  • Shizuoka University (JP)
  • Japan Science and Technology Agency (JP)
  • Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (JP)
  • Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
  • RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (JP)
Corresponding author
  • Fukuda, Shinji
  • Hase, Koji
  • Ohno, Hiroshi
Venue
Nature
Published
2013-11-13
Volume
504
Issue
7480
Pages
446-450
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W1999906527
Cited by
5,549
References
50
Citations by year
2026: 611 · 2025: 525 · 2024: 506 · 2023: 471 · 2022: 526 · 2021: 583 · 2020: 494 · 2019: 398 · 2018: 399 · 2017: 328 · 2016: 309 · 2015: 220 · 2014: 160 · 2013: 2
FWCI
103.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2014-02-12)
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23390123, 25660101, 25293114, 24249029, 24380072, 13J05482, 24117723, 23780131, 25513012, 13J02667)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Keywords
butyrate, regulatory T cells, colitis, short-chain fatty acids, Foxp3, histone H3 acetylation, gut microbiota, commensal microorganisms, microbial metabolites, colonic mucosa, Treg differentiation, host-microbe interactions, immune homeostasis, Clostridia
MeSH terms
Acetylation, Animals, Butyrates, Cell Differentiation, Colitis, Colon, Female, Fermentation, Germ-Free Life, Histones, Homeostasis, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Symbiosis, Conserved Sequence, Lymphocyte Count, Adoptive Transfer, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, Mice, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Metabolome

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