Sensory–motor transformations for speech occur bilaterally
Open accessAbstract
Historically, the study of speech processing has emphasized a strong link between auditory perceptual input and motor production output. A kind of 'parity' is essential, as both perception- and production-based representations must form a unified interface to facilitate access to higher-order language processes such as syntax and semantics, believed to be computed in the dominant, typically left hemisphere. Although various theories have been proposed to unite perception and production, the underlying neural mechanisms are unclear. Early models of speech and language processing proposed that perceptual processing occurred in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area) and motor production processes occurred in the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area). Sensory activity was proposed to link to production activity through connecting fibre tracts, forming the left lateralized speech sensory-motor system. Although recent evidence indicates that speech perception occurs bilaterally, prevailing models maintain that the speech sensory-motor system is left lateralized and facilitates the transformation from sensory-based auditory representations to motor-based production representations. However, evidence for the lateralized computation of sensory-motor speech transformations is indirect and primarily comes from stroke patients that have speech repetition deficits (conduction aphasia) and studies using covert speech and haemodynamic functional imaging. Whether the speech sensory-motor system is lateralized, like higher-order language processes, or bilateral, like speech perception, is controversial. Here we use direct neural recordings in subjects performing sensory-motor tasks involving overt speech production to show that sensory-motor transformations occur bilaterally. We demonstrate that electrodes over bilateral inferior frontal, inferior parietal, superior temporal, premotor and somatosensory cortices exhibit robust sensory-motor neural responses during both perception and production in an overt word-repetition task. Using a non-word transformation task, we show that bilateral sensory-motor responses can perform transformations between speech-perception- and speech-production-based representations. These results establish a bilateral sublexical speech sensory-motor system.
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In previous multiparticipant studies in able speakers, participants had near-identical speech capacity.
“By contrast, in previous multiparticipant studies in able speakers, participants had near-identical speech capacity106,108,136–138.”
From The speech neuroprosthesis (2024) · cites this paper as [138]
The Online Methods (Participants; page unavailable) describe 16 participants selected for cognitive and language abilities in the average range or above, supporting the description of a multiparticipant study of able speakers. That criterion does not establish that their speech capacities were near-identical. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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- Authors
- Cogan, G. B., Thesen, T., Carlson, C., Doyle, W., Devinsky, O., & Pesaran, B.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Medical College of Wisconsin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pesaran, Bijan
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2014-01-15
- Volume
- 507
- Issue
- 7490
- Pages
- 94-98
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- PMC
- PMC4000028
- OpenAlex
- W2081020587
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 16.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (R03DC010475)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
- Keywords
- speech perception, speech production, sensory-motor transformation, hemispheric lateralization, word repetition, inferior frontal cortex, superior temporal cortex, inferior parietal cortex, premotor cortex, somatosensory cortex, auditory cortex, motor cortex, conduction aphasia
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Frontal Lobe, Hearing, Humans, Language, Functional Laterality, Male, Models, Neurological, Psychomotor Performance, Speech, Speech Perception, Temporal Lobe
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