Separate neural subsystems within ‘Wernicke's area’
Abstract
Over time, both the functional and anatomical boundaries of 'Wernicke's area' have become so broad as to be meaningless. We have re-analysed four functional neuroimaging (PET) studies, three previously published and one unpublished, to identify anatomically separable, functional subsystems in the left superior temporal cortex posterior to primary auditory cortex. From the results we identified a posterior stream of auditory processing. One part, directed along the supratemporal cortical plane, responded to both non-speech and speech sounds, including the sound of the speaker's own voice. Activity in its most posterior and medial part, at the junction with the inferior parietal lobe, was linked to speech production rather than perception. The second, more lateral and ventral part lay in the posterior left superior temporal sulcus, a region that responded to an external source of speech. In addition, this region was activated by the recall of lists of words during verbal fluency tasks. The results are compatible with an hypothesis that the posterior superior temporal cortex is specialized for processes involved in the mimicry of sounds, including repetition, the specific role of the posterior left superior temporal sulcus being to transiently represent phonetic sequences, whether heard or internally generated and rehearsed. These processes are central to the acquisition of long- term lexical memories of novel words.
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There is substantial overlap in the areas involved in speech comprehension and speech production.
“The substantial overlap in the areas involved in speech comprehension as well as production was reported by Wise et al. (2001) and Papathanassiou et al. (2000).”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Wise et al., 2001
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- Authors
- Wise, R. J. S., Scott, S. K., Blank, S. C., Mummery, C. J., Murphy, K., & Warburton, E. A.
- Affiliations
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (GB)
- Charing Cross Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Wise, Richard J. S.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-95
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2134521491
- Cited by
- 572
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 19.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (090961)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- Wernicke's area, posterior superior temporal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, inferior parietal lobule, speech perception, speech production, verbal fluency
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Auditory Cortex, Blood Flow Velocity, Brain Mapping, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Cognition, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Nerve Net, Speech, Temporal Lobe, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Verbal Behavior, Verbal Learning, Word Association Tests
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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