Cerebral areas associated with motor control of speech in humans
Abstract
We have defined areas in the brain activated during speaking, utilizing positron emission tomography. Six normal subjects continuously repeated the phrase "Buy Bobby a poppy" (requiring minimal language processing) in four ways: A) spoken aloud, B) mouthed silently, C) without articulation, and D) thought silently. Statistical comparison of images from conditions A with C and B with D highlighted areas associated with articulation alone, because control of breathing for speech was controlled for; we found bilateral activations in sensorimotor cortex and cerebellum with right-sided activation in the thalamus/caudate nucleus. Contrasting images from conditions A with B and C with D highlighted areas associated with the control of breathing for speech, vocalization, and hearing, because articulation was controlled for; we found bilateral activations in sensorimotor and motor cortex, close to but distinct from the activations in the preceding contrast, together with activations in thalamus, cerebellum, and supplementary motor area. In neither subtraction was there activation in Broca's area. These results emphasize the bilaterality of the cerebral control of "speaking" without language processing.
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Bilateral sensorimotor and motor cortex activation during control of breathing is medial to that associated with the articulators.
“The control of breathing was investigated by Murphy et al. (1997) who found bilateral sensorimotor and motor cortex activation that was medial to that associated with the articulators.”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Murphy et al. (1997)
The thalamus is activated during the control of breathing as well as articulation.
“The same study showed that the thalamus was activated during the control of breathing as well as articulation (Murphy et al., 1997) and this may explain some of the left lateralized thalamic activation observed during verbal fluency (Paulesu et al., 1997), naming objects, naming letters, naming colours and reading (Price and Friston, 1997) especially when the rate of speech production increased (”
From A review and synthesis of the first 20years of PET and fMRI studies of heard speech, spoken language and reading (2012) · cites this paper as Murphy et al., 1997
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- Authors
- Murphy, K., Corfield, D. R., Guz, A., Fink, G. R., Wise, R. J. S., Harrison, J., & Adams, L.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Insitute of Neurology, WC1 3BG; and
- Hammersmith Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 1997-11-01
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1438-1447
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W2097772747
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Voice and Speech Disorders
- Keywords
- speech motor control, articulation, sensorimotor cortex, cerebellum, supplementary motor area, thalamus, caudate nucleus, silent speech, vocalizations, Broca's area, positron emission tomography
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Psychomotor Performance, Speech, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Respiratory Mechanics
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