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The timing and spatiotemporal patterning of Neanderthal disappearance

Higham, Tom, Douka, Katerina, Wood, Rachel, Ramsey, Christopher Bronk, Brock, Fiona, Basell, Laura, Camps, Marta, Arrizabalaga, Alvaro, Baena, Javier, Barroso-Ruíz, Cecillio, Bergman, Christopher, Boitard, Coralie, Boscato, Paolo, Caparrós, Miguel, Conard, Nicholas J., Draily, Christelle, Froment, Alain, Galván, Bertila, Gambassini, Paolo, Garcia-Moreno, Alejandro, Grimaldi, Stefano, Haesaerts, Paul, Holt, Brigitte, Iriarte-Chiapusso, Maria-Jose, Jelinek, Arthur, Jordá Pardo, Jesús F., Maíllo-Fernández, José-Manuel, Marom, Anat, Maroto, Julià, Menéndez, Mario, Metz, Laure, Morin, Eugène, Moroni, Adriana, Negrino, Fabio, Panagopoulou, Eleni, Peresani, Marco, Pirson, Stéphane, de la Rasilla, Marco, Riel-Salvatore, Julien, Ronchitelli, Annamaria, Santamaria, David, Semal, Patrick, Slimak, Ludovic, Soler, Joaquim, Soler, Narcís, Villaluenga, Aritza, Pinhasi, Ron, Jacobi, Roger·2014·Nature
DOI 10.1038/nature13621
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Abstract

The timing of Neanderthal disappearance and the extent to which they overlapped with the earliest incoming anatomically modern humans (AMHs) in Eurasia are key questions in palaeoanthropology. Determining the spatiotemporal relationship between the two populations is crucial if we are to understand the processes, timing and reasons leading to the disappearance of Neanderthals and the likelihood of cultural and genetic exchange. Serious technical challenges, however, have hindered reliable dating of the period, as the radiocarbon method reaches its limit at ∼50,000 years ago. Here we apply improved accelerator mass spectrometry (14)C techniques to construct robust chronologies from 40 key Mousterian and Neanderthal archaeological sites, ranging from Russia to Spain. Bayesian age modelling was used to generate probability distribution functions to determine the latest appearance date. We show that the Mousterian ended by 41,030-39,260 calibrated years bp (at 95.4% probability) across Europe. We also demonstrate that succeeding 'transitional' archaeological industries, one of which has been linked with Neanderthals (Châtelperronian), end at a similar time. Our data indicate that the disappearance of Neanderthals occurred at different times in different regions. Comparing the data with results obtained from the earliest dated AMH sites in Europe, associated with the Uluzzian technocomplex, allows us to quantify the temporal overlap between the two human groups. The results reveal…

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Crossref · 10.1038/nature13621

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Research works printed but not linked: 24

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Metadata

Authors
Higham, T., Douka, K., Wood, R., Ramsey, C. B., Brock, F., Basell, L., Camps, M., Arrizabalaga, A., Baena, J., Barroso-Ruíz, C., Bergman, C., Boitard, C., Boscato, P., Caparrós, M., Conard, N. J., Draily, C., Froment, A., Galván, B., Gambassini, P., Garcia-Moreno, A., Grimaldi, S., Haesaerts, P., Holt, B., Iriarte-Chiapusso, M.-J., Jelinek, A., Jordá Pardo, J. F., Maíllo-Fernández, J.-M., Marom, A., Maroto, J., Menéndez, M., Metz, L., Morin, E., Moroni, A., Negrino, F., Panagopoulou, E., Peresani, M., Pirson, S., de la Rasilla, M., Riel-Salvatore, J., Ronchitelli, A., Santamaria, D., Semal, P., Slimak, L., Soler, J., Soler, N., Villaluenga, A., Pinhasi, R., & Jacobi, R.
Venue
Nature
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2014-08-20
Volume
512
Issue
7514
Pages
306-309
ISSN
  • 0028-0836
  • 1476-4687
DOI
10.1038/nature13621
Cited by
759
References
5
Language
en
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