Discussion Reporting of 14 C Data

Stuiver, Minze; Polach, Henry A

doi:10.1017/s0033822200003672

Cited by 5,640Archaeology and ancient environmental studiesRadioactive Decay and Measurement TechniquesGeology and Paleoclimatology Research

Discussion Reporting of 14 C Data

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Stuiver, Minze, Polach, Henry A·1977·Radiocarbon

DOI 10.1017/s0033822200003672

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Abstract

Count rates, representing the rate of 14 C decay, are the basic data obtained in a 14 C laboratory. The conversion of this information into an age or geochemical parameters appears a simple matter at first. However, the path between counting and suitable 14 C data reporting (table 1) causes headaches to many. Minor deflections in pathway, depending on personal interpretations, are possible and give end results that are not always useful for inter-laboratory comparisons. This discussion is an attempt to identify some of these problems and to recommend certain procedures by which reporting ambiguities can be avoided.

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If statistical analysis cannot distinguish the mean 14C/12C ratio of an unknown sample from that of an infinite-age background sample at a defined confidence level, an infinite 14C age is calculated for the unknown sample.
“If it is determined that it is not possible to distinguish, at some defined measure of statistical confidence, the mean 14 C/ 12 C ratio exhibited by the unknown age sample and the mean 14 C/ 12 C ratio of the infinite 14 C age background sample, an infinite 14 C age would be calculated for this unknown age sample.”
From Misunderstandings Concerning the Significance of AMS Background 14C Measurements (2018) · cites this paper as Stuiver and Polach (1977)
Section 10, “Reporting of Ages Close to Background” (page not provided), says that when sample activity is not distinguishable from background, that fact should be stated. For low sample activity, it recommends reporting a minimum age as “>x,” not calculating an infinite age. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Because fossil-fuel burning and bomb 14C have altered contemporary 14C levels, the 0 BP modern level is defined by specially prepared standards rather than by living organics.
“Primarily because of these two human-caused effects on contemporary 14 C levels,”
From Misunderstandings Concerning the Significance of AMS Background 14C Measurements (2018) · cites this paper as Stuiver and Polach (1977)
Section 1 (page unavailable) defines the radiocarbon reference value using NBS oxalic acid, and section 3 says AD 1950 is 0 BP and that conventional ages use oxalic acid as a standard. The passages do not say that fossil-fuel burning and bomb-produced 14C are the reasons for using that standard instead of living organics. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Conventional 14C ages require normalization of 14C/12C ratios using δ13C values to a common δ13C value.
“Stuiver and Misunderstanding AMS Background 14 C Measurements 731 Polach (1977) and Taylor and Bar-Yosef (2014:26-27;124-127) explicitly define conventional 14 C ages and provide an explanation of how and why 14 C/ 12 C ratios are adjusted using δ 13 C values so that all such 14 C age determinations are normalized to a common δ 13 C value.”
From Misunderstandings Concerning the Significance of AMS Background 14C Measurements (2018) · cites this paper as Stuiver and Polach (1977)
14C ages are reported in conventional 14C years before present (BP) following the international convention.
“14 C ages are reported in conventional 14 C years before present (BP) following the international convention (Stuiver and Polach 1977).”
From Absolute Chronology of Megiddo, Israel, in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages: High-Resolution Radiocarbon Dating (2014) · cites this paper as Stuiver and Polach 1977

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

Olsson, I U, 1970, The use of Oxalic acid as a Standard, in Olsson, I U, ed, Radio- carbon Variations and Absolute Chronology, Nobel symposium, 12th Proc: New York, John Wiley & Sons, p 17.
Polach, H A, 1969, Optimisation of liquid scintillation radiocarbon age determina- tions and reporting of ages: Atomic Energy in Australia, v 12, no. 3, p 21-28. 1976, Radiocarbon dating as a research tool in archaeology-hopes and limitations, in Barnard, Noel, ed, Symposium on scientific methods of research in the study of ancient Chinese Bronzes and South East Asian metal and other archaeological artifacts Proc: Australian Natl Univ, Dept Far Eastern History Pub.
Stuiver, Minze, and Robinson, S W, 1974, University of Washington Geosecs North Atlantic carbon-14 results: Earth and Planetary Sci Letters, v 23, p 87-90.

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Authors: Stuiver, M., & Polach, H. A.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Australian National University (AU)
Venue: Radiocarbon
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 1977
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Pages: 355-363
ISSN: 0033-8222 (ISSN-L)
1945-5755
DOI: 10.1017/s0033822200003672
OpenAlex: W4294555410
Cited by: 5,640
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 191 · 2025: 254 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 275 · 2022: 263 · 2021: 276 · 2020: 280 · 2019: 272 · 2018: 253 · 2017: 238 · 2016: 228 · 2015: 222 · 2014: 190 · 2013: 256 · 2012: 179
FWCI: 18.08
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 14443 d)
Locations: Radiocarbon (publishedVersion)
UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation (7681598)
University of California, San Diego
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Radioactive Decay and Measurement Techniques
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Keywords: radiocarbon dating, count rate, geochemical parameters, interlaboratory comparison, reporting guidelines

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