Topological valley transport at bilayer graphene domain walls
Abstract
Electron valley, a degree of freedom that is analogous to spin, can lead to novel topological phases in bilayer graphene. A tunable bandgap can be induced in bilayer graphene by an external electric field, and such gapped bilayer graphene is predicted to be a topological insulating phase protected by no-valley mixing symmetry, featuring quantum valley Hall effects and chiral edge states. Observation of such chiral edge states, however, is challenging because inter-valley scattering is induced by atomic-scale defects at real bilayer graphene edges. Recent theoretical work has shown that domain walls between AB- and BA-stacked bilayer graphene can support protected chiral edge states of quantum valley Hall insulators. Here we report an experimental observation of ballistic (that is, with no scattering of electrons) conducting channels at bilayer graphene domain walls. We employ near-field infrared nanometre-scale microscopy (nanoscopy) to image in situ bilayer graphene layer-stacking domain walls on device substrates, and we fabricate dual-gated field effect transistors based on the domain walls. Unlike single-domain bilayer graphene, which shows gapped insulating behaviour under a vertical electrical field, bilayer graphene domain walls feature one-dimensional valley-polarized conducting channels with a ballistic length of about 400 nanometres at 4 kelvin. Such topologically protected one-dimensional chiral states at bilayer graphene domain walls open up opportunities for exploring unique topological phases and valley physics in graphene.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The propagating directions of an edge state for K and K′ valleys are exactly opposite at both AB-type and BA-type domain walls, demonstrating valley-chirality and locking of valley-polarized edge states to one propagating direction in the absence of inter-valley scattering.
“It is seen that the propagating directions of an edge state for K and K′ valleys are exactly opposite, no matter at an AB-type or BA-type domain wall. This is a manifestation of valley-chirality of the valley-Hall effect, in other words, the valley-polarized edge states are locked to one propagating direction in the absence of inter-valley scattering14,20.”
From Direct observation of valley-polarized topological edge states in designer surface plasmon crystals (2017) · cites this paper as [14]
Cites
The electronic properties of graphene
Castro Neto, A. H., Guinea, F., Peres, N. M. R., Novoselov, K. S., & Geim, A. K. (2009) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.81.109 · Cited by 24,803 · see citing works
Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Graphene
Kane, C. L., & Mele, E. J. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.226801 · Cited by 8,197 · see citing works
Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems
Datta, S. (1995) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511805776 · Cited by 7,704 · see citing works
Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells
König, M., Wiedmann, S., Brüne, C., Roth, A., Buhmann, H., Molenkamp, L. W., Qi, X.-L., & Zhang, S.-C. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1148047 · Cited by 6,151 · see citing works
Direct observation of a widely tunable bandgap in bilayer graphene
Zhang, Y., Tang, T., Girit, Ç., Hao, Z., Martin, M. C., Zettl, A. K., Crommie, M. F., Shen, Y. R., & Wang, F. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08105 · Cited by 3,639 · see citing works
Self-citationOne-Dimensional Electrical Contact to a Two-Dimensional Material
Wang, L., Meric, I., Huang, P. Y., Gao, Q., Gao, Y., Tran, H., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., Campos, L. M., Muller, D. A., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1244358 · Cited by 2,978 · see citing works
Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging
Fei, Z., Rodin, A. S., Andreev, G. O., Bao, W., McLeod, A. S., Wagner, M., Zhang, L. M., Zhao, Z., Thiemens, M. H., Dominguez, G., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11253 · Cited by 2,136 · see citing works
Optical nano-imaging of gate-tunable graphene plasmons
Chen, J., Badioli, M., Alonso‐González, P., Thongrattanasiri, S., Huth, F., Osmond, J., Spasenović, M., Centeno, A., Pesquera, A., Godignon, P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11254 · Cited by 2,114 · see citing works
Biased Bilayer Graphene: Semiconductor with a Gap Tunable by the Electric Field Effect
Castro, E. V., Novoselov, K. S., Morozov, S. V., Peres, N. M. R., dos Santos, J. M. B. L., Nilsson, J., Guinea, F., Geim, A. K., & Neto, A. H. C. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.216802 · Cited by 2,033 · see citing works
Unconventional quantum Hall effect and Berry’s phase of 2π in bilayer graphene
Novoselov, K. S., McCann, E., Morozov, S. V., Fal’ko, V. I., Katsnelson, M. I., Zeitler, U., Jiang, D., Schedin, F., & Geim, A. K. (2006) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys245 · Cited by 1,967 · see citing works
Gate-induced insulating state in bilayer graphene devices
Oostinga, J. B., Heersche, H. B., Liu, X., Morpurgo, A. F., & Vandersypen, L. M. K. (2007) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2082 · Cited by 1,646 · see citing works
Graphene Bilayer with a Twist: Electronic Structure
dos Santos, J. M. B. L., Peres, N. M. R., & Neto, A. H. C. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.256802 · Cited by 1,512 · see citing works
Asymmetry gap in the electronic band structure of bilayer graphene
McCann, E. (2006) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.74.161403 · Cited by 1,275 · see citing works
Near-field microscopy by elastic light scattering from a tip
Keilmann, F., & Hillenbrand, R. (2004) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2003.1347 · Cited by 737 · see citing works
Ab initiotheory of gate induced gaps in graphene bilayers
Min, H., Sahu, B. R., Banerjee, S. K., & MacDonald, A. H. (2007) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.75.155115 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Strain solitons and topological defects in bilayer graphene
Alden, J. S., Tsen, A. W., Huang, P. Y., Hovden, R., Brown, L., Park, J., Muller, D. A., & McEuen, P. L. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1309394110 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Topological Confinement in Bilayer Graphene
Martin, I., Blanter, Y. M., & Morpurgo, A. F. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.036804 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Spontaneous Quantum Hall States in Chirally Stacked Few-Layer Graphene Systems
Zhang, F., Jung, J., Fiete, G. A., Niu, Q., & MacDonald, A. H. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.156801 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Valley Chern numbers and boundary modes in gapped bilayer graphene
Zhang, F., MacDonald, A. H., & Melé, E. J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1308853110 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Edge States in Graphene: From Gapped Flat-Band to Gapless Chiral Modes
Yao, W., Yang, S. A., & Niu, Q. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.096801 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Broken-Symmetry States in Doubly Gated Suspended Bilayer Graphene
Weitz, R. T., Allen, M., Feldman, B. E., Martin, J., & Yacoby, A. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1194988 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Imaging Stacking Order in Few-Layer Graphene
Lui, C. H., Li, Z., Chen, Z., Klimov, P. V., Brus, L. E., & Heinz, T. F. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl1032827 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Transport spectroscopy of symmetry-broken insulating states in bilayer graphene
Velasco, J., Jing, L., Bao, W., Lee, Y., Kratz, P. A., Aji, V., Bockrath, M., Lau, C. N., Varma, C. M., Stillwell, R. L., et al. (2012) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2011.251 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Self-citationDislocations in bilayer graphene
Butz, B., Dölle, C., Niekiel, F., Weber, K. A., Waldmann, D., Weber, H. B., Meyer, B., & Spiecker, E. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12780 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Weak Localization in Bilayer Graphene
Gorbachev, R., Tikhonenko, F. V., Mayorov, A. S., Horsell, D. W., & Savchenko, A. K. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.98.176805 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
The evolution of electronic structure in few-layer graphene revealed by optical spectroscopy
Mak, K. F., Sfeir, M. Y., Misewich, J. A., & Heinz, T. F. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1004595107 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Valley-Hall kink and edge states in multilayer graphene
Jung, J., Zhang, F., Qiao, Z., & MacDonald, A. H. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.075418 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Topological Edge States at a Tilt Boundary in Gated Multilayer Graphene
Vaezi, A., Liang, Y., Ngai, D. H., Yang, L., & Kim, E.-A. (2013) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.3.021018 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Electronic Structure of Multilayer Graphene
Min, H., & MacDonald, A. H. (2008) · Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement · doi:10.1143/ptps.176.227 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Evidence for a spin phase transition at charge neutrality in bilayer graphene
Maher, P., Dean, C. R., Young, A. F., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., Shepard, K. L., Hone, J., & Kim, P. (2013) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys2528 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Symmetry-protected topological phases in noninteracting fermion systems
Wen, X.-G. (2012) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.85.085103 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Charge Transport in Dual Gated Bilayer Graphene with Corbino Geometry
Yan, J., & Fuhrer, M. S. (2010) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl102459t · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 33 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Unconventional superconductivity in magic-angle graphene superlattices
Cao, Y., Fatemi, V., Fang, S., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Kaxiras, E., & Jarillo‐Herrero, P. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature26160 · Cited by 8,196 · see citing works
<i>Colloquium</i> : Topological band theory
Bansil, A., Lin, H., & Das, T. (2016) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.88.021004 · Cited by 1,587 · see citing works
Two-dimensional topological photonics
Khanikaev, A. B., & Shvets, G. B. (2017) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-017-0048-5 · Cited by 989 · see citing works
Observation of topological valley transport of sound in sonic crystals
Lu, J., Qiu, C., Ye, L., Fan, X., Ke, M., Zhang, F., & Liu, Z. (2017) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3999 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Towards properties on demand in quantum materials
Basov, D. N., Averitt, R. D., & Hsieh, D. (2017) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat5017 · Cited by 906 · see citing works
All-Si valley-Hall photonic topological insulator
Ma, T., & Shvets, G. (2016) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/18/2/025012 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Tunable correlated Chern insulator and ferromagnetism in a moiré superlattice
Chen, G., Sharpe, A. L., Fox, E. J., Zhang, Y.-H., Wang, S., Jiang, L., Lyu, B., Li, H., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2049-7 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Self-citationAtomic and electronic reconstruction at the van der Waals interface in twisted bilayer graphene
Yoo, H., Engelke, R., Carr, S., Fang, S., Zhang, K., Cazeaux, P., Sung, S. H., Hovden, R., Tsen, A. W., Taniguchi, T., et al. (2019) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-019-0346-z · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Signatures of tunable superconductivity in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice
Chen, G., Sharpe, A. L., Gallagher, P., Rosen, I. T., Fox, E. J., Jiang, L., Lyu, B., Li, H., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., et al. (2019) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1393-y · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Self-citation2D materials for quantum information science
Liu, X., & Hersam, M. C. (2019) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-019-0136-x · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Evidence of a gate-tunable Mott insulator in a trilayer graphene moiré superlattice
Chen, G., Jiang, L., Wu, S., Lyu, B., Li, H., Chittari, B. L., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Shi, Z., Jung, J., et al. (2019) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-018-0387-2 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Self-citationTwistable electronics with dynamically rotatable heterostructures
Ribeiro-Palau, R., Zhang, C., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Hone, J., & Dean, C. R. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aat6981 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Electrically pumped topological laser with valley edge modes
Zeng, Y., Chattopadhyay, U., Zhu, B., Qiang, B., Li, J., Jin, Y., Li, L., Davies, A. G., Linfield, E. H., Zhang, B., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1981-x · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Topologically protected refraction of robust kink states in valley photonic crystals
Gao, F., Xue, H., Yang, Z., Lai, K., Yu, Y., Lin, X., Chong, Y., Shvets, G., & Zhang, B. (2018) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys4304 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Fractional quantum anomalous Hall effect in multilayer graphene
Lu, Z., Han, T., Yao, Y., Reddy, A. P., Yang, J., Seo, J., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Fu, L., & Ju, L. (2024) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-07010-7 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Self-citationTopological phases in two-dimensional materials: a review
Ren, Y., Qiao, Z., & Niu, Q. (2016) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/79/6/066501 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Xu, Y. F., Xu, T., Wang, H., Jiang, J., Hu, X., & Hang, Z. H. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.217401 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Naik, M. H., & Jain, M. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.266401 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Xue, H., Yang, Y., & Zhang, B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-022-00465-6 · Cited by 455 · see citing works
Electronic properties of graphene-based bilayer systems
Rozhkov, A. V., Sboychakov, A. O., Rakhmanov, A. L., & Nori, F. (2016) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2016.07.003 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Direct observation of valley-polarized topological edge states in designer surface plasmon crystals
Wu, X., Meng, Y., Tian, J., Huang, Y., Xiang, H., Han, D., & Wen, W. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01515-2 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Shimazaki, Y., Yamamoto, M., Borzenets, I. V., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., & Tarucha, S. (2015) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3551 · Cited by 446 · see citing works
Observation of Photonic Topological Valley Hall Edge States
Noh, J., Huang, S., Chen, K. P., & Rechtsman, M. C. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.063902 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
Nearly flat Chern bands in moiré superlattices
Zhang, Y.-H., Mao, D., Cao, Y., Jarillo‐Herrero, P., & Senthil, T. (2019) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.075127 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Photonic crystals for nano-light in moiré graphene superlattices
Sunku, S., Ni, G., Jiang, B., Yoo, H., Sternbach, A. J., McLeod, A. S., Stauber, T., Xiong, L., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aau5144 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Unconventional ferroelectricity in moiré heterostructures
Zheng, Z., Ma, Q., Bi, Z., de la Barrera, S. C., Liu, M., Mao, N., Zhang, Y., Kiper, N., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2970-9 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Engineering symmetry breaking in 2D layered materials
Du, L., Hasan, T., Castellanos-Gómez, A., Liu, G.-B., Yao, Y., Lau, C. N., & Sun, Z. (2021) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-020-00276-0 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Xiao, M., Cheng, Y., Lu, M., & Christensen, J. (2018) · Communications Physics · doi:10.1038/s42005-018-0094-4 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Interface nano-optics with van der Waals polaritons
Zhang, Q., Hu, G., Ma, W., Li, P., Krasnok, A., Hillenbrand, R., Alù, A., & Qiu, C. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03581-5 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Valley Topological Phases in Bilayer Sonic Crystals
Lu, J., Qiu, C., Deng, W., Huang, X., Li, F., Zhang, F., Chen, S., & Liu, Z. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.120.116802 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Gate-controlled topological conducting channels in bilayer graphene
Li, J., Wang, K., McFaul, K. J., Zern, Z. T., Ren, Y., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Qiao, Z., & Zhu, J. (2016) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2016.158 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Topologically Protected Helical States in Minimally Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Huang, S., Kim, K., Efimkin, D. K., Lovorn, T., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., MacDonald, A. H., Tutuc, E., & LeRoy, B. J. (2018) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.121.037702 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Tunable Acoustic Valley–Hall Edge States in Reconfigurable Phononic Elastic Waveguides
Liu, T., & Semperlotti, F. (2018) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.9.014001 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Progress and perspectives on phononic crystals
Vasileiadis, T., Varghese, J., Babačić, V., Gomis‐Brescó, J., Navarro‐Urrios, D., & Graczykowski, B. (2021) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0042337 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Ion beam modification of two-dimensional materials: Characterization, properties, and applications
Li, Z., & Chen, F. (2017) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.4977087 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Lee, J. Y., Khalaf, E., Liu, S., Liu, X., Hao, Z., Kim, P., & Vishwanath, A. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12981-1 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Berry curvature memory through electrically driven stacking transitions
Xiao, J., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Pemmaraju, C. D., Wang, S., Muscher, P. K., Sie, E. J., Nyby, C. M., Devereaux, T., Qian, X., et al. (2020) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-020-0947-0 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Excitons in atomically thin 2D semiconductors and their applications
Xiao, J., Zhao, M., Wang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2017) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2016-0160 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Tian, Z., Shen, C., Li, J., Reit, E., Bachman, H., Socolar, J. E. S., Cummer, S. A., & Huang, T. J. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14553-0 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Direct imaging of topological edge states at a bilayer graphene domain wall
Yin, L., Jiang, H. W., Qiao, J.-B., & He, L. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11760 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Valley-dependent properties of monolayer MoSi 2 N 4 , WSi 2 N 4 , and MoSi 2 As 4
Li, S., Wu, W., Feng, X., Guan, S., Feng, W., Yao, Y., & Yang, S. A. (2020) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.102.235435 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Pseudo-spin–valley coupled edge states in a photonic topological insulator
Kang, Y., Ni, X., Cheng, X., Khanikaev, A. B., & Genack, A. Z. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05408-w · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Excitons in a reconstructed moiré potential in twisted WSe2/WSe2 homobilayers
Andersen, T. I., Scuri, G., Sushko, A., Greve, K. D., Sung, J., Zhou, Y., Wild, D. S., Gelly, R. J., Heo, H., Bérubé, D., et al. (2021) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/s41563-020-00873-5 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Valley-locked waveguide transport in acoustic heterostructures
Wang, M., Zhou, W., Bi, L., Qiu, C., Ke, M., & Liu, Z. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16843-z · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Valley surface-wave photonic crystal and its bulk/edge transport
Gao, Z., Yang, Z., Gao, F., Xue, H., Yang, Y., Dong, J., & Zhang, B. (2017) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.201402 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Gate-Tunable Topological Flat Bands in Trilayer Graphene Boron-Nitride Moiré Superlattices
Chittari, B. L., Chen, G., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., & Jung, J. (2019) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.122.016401 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationTopological Valley Photonics: Physics and Device Applications
Xue, H., Yang, Y., & Zhang, B. (2021) · Advanced Photonics Research · doi:10.1002/adpr.202100013 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Opportunities and Challenges in Twisted Bilayer Graphene: A Review
Nimbalkar, A. R., & Kim, H. (2020) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-020-00464-8 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Wallpaper fermions and the nonsymmorphic Dirac insulator
Wieder, B. J., Bradlyn, B., Wang, Z., Cano, J., Kim, Y., Kim, H.-S. D., Rappe, A. M., Kane, C. L., & Bernevig, B. A. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan2802 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
A valley valve and electron beam splitter
Li, J., Zhang, R.-X., Yin, Z., Zhang, J., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Liu, C., & Zhu, J. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aao5989 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
THz photonics in two dimensional materials and metamaterials: properties, devices and prospects
Shi, J., Li, Z., Sang, D. K., Xiang, Y., Li, J., Zhang, S., & Zhang, H. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry C · doi:10.1039/c7tc05460b · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Gmitra, M., & Fabian, J. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.119.146401 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Graphene: Fundamental research and potential applications
Zhong, Y., Zhen, Z., & Zhu, H. (2017) · FlatChem · doi:10.1016/j.flatc.2017.06.008 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Transport Through a Network of Topological Channels in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Rickhaus, P., Wallbank, J. R., Slizovskiy, S., Pisoni, R., Overweg, H., Lee, Y., Eich, M., Liu, M., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., et al. (2018) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02387 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Topologically Protected Valley-Dependent Quantum Photonic Circuits
Chen, Y., He, X., Cheng, Y., Qiu, H.-Y., Feng, L., Zhang, M., Daoxin Dai, A., Guo, G., Dong, J., & Ren, X. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.126.230503 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Soliton-dependent plasmon reflection at bilayer graphene domain walls
Jiang, L., Shi, Z., Zeng, B., Wang, S., Kang, J.-H., Joshi, T., Jin, C., Ju, L., Kim, J., Lyu, T., et al. (2016) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4653 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationAng, Y. S., Yang, S. A., Zhang, C., Ma, Z., & Ang, L. K. (2017) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.96.245410 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Topological Photonic Integrated Circuits Based on Valley Kink States
Ma, J., Xi, X., & Sun, X. (2019) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.201900087 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Correlated insulator and Chern insulators in pentalayer rhombohedral-stacked graphene
Han, T., Lu, Z., Scuri, G., Sung, J., Wang, J., Han, T., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Park, H., & Ju, L. (2023) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-023-01520-1 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationSpoof Plasmonics: From Metamaterial Concept to Topological Description
Gao, Z., Wu, L., Gao, F., Luo, Y., & Zhang, B. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201706683 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Valley-Layer Coupling: A New Design Principle for Valleytronics
Yu, Z., Guan, S., Sheng, X., Gao, W., & Yang, S. A. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.124.037701 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Orbital multiferroicity in pentalayer rhombohedral graphene
Han, T., Lu, Z., Scuri, G., Sung, J., Wang, J., Han, T., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Fu, L., Park, H., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06572-w · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationSpontaneous-polarization-induced photovoltaic effect in rhombohedrally stacked MoS2
Yang, D., Wu, J., Zhou, B. T., Liang, J., Ideue, T., Siu, T., Awan, K. M., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Iwasa, Y., et al. (2022) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-022-01008-9 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Hsu, C.-C., Teague, M. L., Wang, J.-Q., & Yeh, N.-C. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat9488 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Observation of acoustic valley vortex states and valley-chirality locked beam splitting
Ye, L., Qiu, C., Lu, J., Wen, X., Shen, Y., Ke, M., Zhang, F., & Liu, Z. (2017) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.174106 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Structural and electron diffraction scaling of twisted graphene bilayers
Zhang, K., & Tadmor, E. B. (2017) · Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids · doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2017.12.005 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Manipulating polaritons at the extreme scale in van der Waals materials
Wu, Y., Duan, J., Ma, W., Ou, Q., Li, P., Alonso‐González, P., Caldwell, J. D., & Bao, Q. (2022) · Nature Reviews Physics · doi:10.1038/s42254-022-00472-0 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Moiréless correlations in ABCA graphene
Kerelsky, A., Rubio-Verdú, C., Xian, L., Kennes, D. M., Halbertal, D., Finney, N., Song, L., Turkel, S., Wang, L., Watanabe, K., et al. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2017366118 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Large quantum anomalous Hall effect in spin-orbit proximitized rhombohedral graphene
Han, T., Lu, Z., Yao, Y., Yang, J., Seo, J., Yoon, C., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Fu, L., Zhang, F., et al. (2024) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adk9749 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationTopological phononic metamaterials
Zhu, W., Deng, W., Liu, Y., Lu, J., Wang, H., Lin, Z., Huang, X., Jiang, J., & Liu, Z. (2023) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6633/aceeee · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Spin- and valley-polarized one-way Klein tunneling in photonic topological insulators
Ni, X., Purtseladze, D., Smirnova, D. A., Slobozhanyuk, A., Alù, A., & Khanikaev, A. B. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aap8802 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Stacking Order Engineering of Two-Dimensional Materials and Device Applications
Fox, C., Mao, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., & Xiao, J. (2023) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00618 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Topological photonics: Where do we go from here?
Segev, M., & Bandres, M. A. (2020) · Nanophotonics · doi:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0441 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Scattering-free edge states between heterogeneous photonic topological insulators
Ma, T., & Shvets, G. (2017) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.165102 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Intrinsic valley Hall transport in atomically thin MoS2
Wu, Z., Zhou, B. T., Cai, X., Cheung, P., Liu, G.-B., Huang, M., Lin, J., Han, T., An, L., Wang, Y., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-08629-9 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Electron quantum metamaterials in van der Waals heterostructures
Song, J. C. W., & Gabor, N. M. (2018) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-018-0294-9 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Electrostatically Confined Monolayer Graphene Quantum Dots with Orbital and Valley Splittings
Freitag, N. M., Чижова, Л. А., Nemes‐Incze, P., Woods, C. R., Gorbachev, R., Cao, Y., Geim, A. K., Novoselov, K. S., Burgdörfer, J., Libisch, F., et al. (2016) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02548 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Helical network model for twisted bilayer graphene
Efimkin, D. K., & MacDonald, A. H. (2018) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.98.035404 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Valley Kink States and Topological Channel Intersections in Substrate‐Integrated Photonic Circuitry
Zhang, L., Yang, Y., He, M., Wang, H., Yang, Z., Li, E., Gao, F., Zhang, B., Singh, R., Jiang, J., et al. (2019) · Laser & Photonics Review · doi:10.1002/lpor.201900159 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Extended quantum anomalous Hall states in graphene/hBN moiré superlattices
Lu, Z., Han, T., Yao, Y., Hadjri, Z., Yang, J., Seo, J., Shi, L., Ye, S., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08470-1 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationManipulation of domain-wall solitons in bi- and trilayer graphene
Jiang, L., Wang, S., Shi, Z., Jin, C., Utama, M. I. B., Zhao, S., Shen, Y. R., Gao, H., Zhang, G., & Wang, F. (2018) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-017-0042-6 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationAtomic force microscopy for two-dimensional materials: A tutorial review
Zhang, H., Huang, J., Wang, Y., Liu, R., Huai, X. L., Jiang, J., & Anfuso, C. L. (2017) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2017.05.015 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Giant oscillations in a triangular network of one-dimensional states in marginally twisted graphene
Xu, S., Berdyugin, A. I., Kumaravadivel, P., Guinea, F., Kumar, R. K., Bandurin, D. A., Morozov, S. V., Kuang, W., Tsim, B., Liu, S., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11971-7 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Stacking Domain Wall Magnons in Twisted van der Waals Magnets
Wang, C., Gao, Y. J., Lv, H., Xu, X., & Xiao, D. (2020) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.247201 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Twistronics: a turning point in 2D quantum materials
Hennighausen, Z., & Kar, S. (2021) · Electronic Structure · doi:10.1088/2516-1075/abd957 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Valley‐Hall Photonic Topological Insulators with Dual‐Band Kink States
Chen, Q., Zhang, L., He, M., Wang, Z., Lin, X., Gao, F., Yang, Y., Zhang, B., & Chen, H. (2019) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.201900036 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Twisted graphene bilayer around the first magic angle engineered by heterostrain
Qiao, J.-B., Yin, L., & He, L. (2018) · Physical review. B./Physical review. B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.98.235402 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Orthogonal Electric Control of the Out‐Of‐Plane Field‐Effect in 2D Ferroelectric α‐In 2 Se 3
Li, Y., Chen, C., Li, W., Mao, X., Liu, H., Xiang, J., Nie, A., Liu, Z., Zhu, W., & Zeng, H. (2020) · Advanced Electronic Materials · doi:10.1002/aelm.202000061 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Spontaneous broken-symmetry insulator and metals in tetralayer rhombohedral graphene
Liu, K., Zheng, J. W., Sha, Y., Lyu, B., Li, F., Park, Y., Ren, Y., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Jia, J., et al. (2023) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-023-01558-1 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationSynthesis of Low-Density, Carbon-Doped, Porous Hexagonal Boron Nitride Solids
Gautam, C., Tiwary, C. S., Jose, S. P., Brunetto, G., Özden, Ş., Vinod, S., Raghavan, P., Biradar, S., Galvao, D. S., & Ajayan, P. M. (2015) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.5b05847 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Edge currents shunt the insulating bulk in gapped graphene
Zhu, M., Kretinin, A. V., Thompson, M. D., Bandurin, D. A., Hu, S., Yu, G. L., Birkbeck, J., Mishchenko, A., Vera-Marun, I. J., Watanabe, K., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms14552 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Soliton superlattices in twisted hexagonal boron nitride
Ni, G., Wang, H., Jiang, B., Chen, L., Du, Y., Sun, Z., Goldflam, M., Frenzel, A., Xie, X. M., Fogler, M. M., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12327-x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Tunable and giant valley-selective Hall effect in gapped bilayer graphene
Yin, J., Tan, C. C., Ruiz, D. B., Torre, I., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Song, J. C. W., Hone, J., & Koppens, F. H. L. (2022) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abl4266 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Topological metasurface: from passive toward active and beyond
You, J. W., Lan, Z., Ma, Q., Gao, Z. L., Yang, Y., Gao, F., Xiao, M., & Cui, T. J. (2022) · Photonics Research · doi:10.1364/prj.471905 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Topological edge states in phononic plates with embedded acoustic black holes
Ganti, S. S., Liu, T., & Semperlotti, F. (2019) · Journal of Sound and Vibration · doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2019.115060 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Topological Valley Transport in Two-dimensional Honeycomb Photonic Crystals
Yang, Y., Jiang, H. W., & Hang, Z. H. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20001-3 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Properties and applications of new superlattice: twisted bilayer graphene
Wang, J., Mu, X., Wang, L., & Sun, M. (2019) · Materials Today Physics · doi:10.1016/j.mtphys.2019.100099 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Tunable strain soliton networks confine electrons in van der Waals materials
Edelberg, D., Kumar, H., Shenoy, V. B., Ochoa, H., & Pasupathy, A. N. (2020) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-020-0953-2 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Topological phonon transport in an optomechanical system
Ren, H., Shah, T., Pfeifer, H., Brendel, C., Peano, V., Marquardt, F., & Painter, O. J. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30941-0 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Recent progresses of quantum confinement in graphene quantum dots
Li, S., & He, L. (2021) · Frontiers of Physics · doi:10.1007/s11467-021-1125-2 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ju, L., Shi, Z., Nair, N., Lv, Y., Jin, C., Velasco, J., Ojeda-Aristizabal, C., Bechtel, H. A., Martin, M. C., Zettl, A., Analytis, J., & Wang, F.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Feng
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 520
- Issue
- 7549
- Pages
- 650-655
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1996794882
- Cited by
- 680
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 74 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 14
- FWCI
- 31.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Topological Materials and Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Graphene research and applications
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › 2D Materials and Applications
- Keywords
- bilayer graphene, domain walls, valley transport, valley polarization, quantum valley Hall effect, chiral edge states, topological insulators, ballistic transport, field-effect transistors, valley physics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review