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mTOR Signaling in Growth, Metabolism, and Disease

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mTOR Pathways in Cancer and Autophagy

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Inhibition of mTOR induces a paused pluripotent state

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Metformin as an Anticancer Agent

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Signal Transduction Pathways in Breast Cancer: The Important Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR

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NPC1-mTORC1 Signaling Couples Cholesterol Sensing to Organelle Homeostasis and Is a Targetable Pathway in Niemann-Pick Type C

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Chronic TGF-β exposure drives stabilized EMT, tumor stemness, and cancer drug resistance with vulnerability to bitopic mTOR inhibition

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Conceptual Evolution of Cell Signaling

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Recent advances and limitations of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of cancer

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The Translational Regulation in mTOR Pathway

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A Kinase Inhibitor Targeted to mTORC1 Drives Regression in Glioblastoma

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Covalent Targeting of the Vacuolar H+-ATPase Activates Autophagy Via mTORC1 Inhibition

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PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in cancer stem cells

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The central moTOR of metabolism

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Germline and somatic mutations in the MTOR gene in focal cortical dysplasia and epilepsy

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MiT/TFE Family of Transcription Factors, Lysosomes, and Cancer

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mTORC1 pathway in DNA damage response.

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Overview of Research into mTOR Inhibitors

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mTOR Cross-Talk in Cancer and Potential for Combination Therapy

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Impact of Metabolism in on T-Cell Differentiation and Function and Cross Talk with Tumor Microenvironment

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Regulation of PTEN translation by PI3K signaling maintains pathway homeostasis

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Cross-talk between protein synthesis, energy metabolism and autophagy in cancer

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Signaling pathways and therapeutic approaches in glioblastoma multiforme (Review)

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NF2/Merlin Inactivation and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Mesothelioma

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Eukaryotic translation initiation factors as promising targets in cancer therapy

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mTORC2 controls the activity of PKC and Akt by phosphorylating a conserved TOR interaction motif

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Hepatocellular carcinoma: signaling pathways, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy

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A nutrient-induced affinity switch controls mTORC1 activation by its Rag GTPase-Ragulator lysosomal scaffold

Lawrence, R., Cho, K., Rappold, R., Thrun, A., Tofaute, M., Kim, D. J., Moldavski, O., Hurley, J., & Zoncu, R. (2018) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-018-0148-6 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

Brain-restricted mTOR inhibition with binary pharmacology

Zhang, Z., Fan, Q.-W., Luo, X., Lou, K., Weiss, W. A., & Shokat, K. M. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05213-y · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Personalized phosphoproteomics identifies functional signaling

Needham, E. J., Hingst, J. R., Parker, B. L., Morrison, K. R., Yang, G., Onslev, J., Kristensen, J. M., Højlund, K., Ling, N. X. Y., Oakhill, J. S., et al. (2021) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-021-01099-9 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

TGF-β Promotes Metabolic Reprogramming in Lung Fibroblasts via mTORC1-dependent ATF4 Activation

O’Leary, E. M., Tian, Y., Niğdelioğlu, R., Witt, L. J., Çetin-Atalay, R., Meliton, A. Y., Woods, P. S., Kimmig, L. M., Sun, K. A., Gökalp, G. A., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1165/rcmb.2020-0143oc · Cited by 97 · see citing works

Transcription and Translation Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment

Laham-Karam, N., Pinto, G., Poso, A., & Kokkonen, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Chemistry · doi:10.3389/fchem.2020.00276 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Akt phosphorylates insulin receptor substrate to limit PI3K-mediated PIP3 synthesis

Kearney, A. L., Norris, D. M., Ghomlaghi, M., Wong, M. K. L., Humphrey, S. J., Carroll, L., Yang, G., Cooke, K. C., Yang, P., Geddes, T. A., et al. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.66942 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Targeting mTOR for fighting diseases: A revisited review of mTOR inhibitors

Xu, T., Sun, D., Chen, Y., & Ouyang, L. (2020) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112391 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

Therapeutic strategies of glioblastoma (GBM): The current advances in the molecular targets and bioactive small molecule compounds

Liu, H., Qiu, W., Sun, T., Wang, L., Du, C., Hu, Y., Liu, W., Feng, F., Yao, C., & Sun, H. (2021) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.019 · Cited by 88 · see citing works

Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems

Tavakol, S., Ashrafizadeh, M., Deng, S., Azarian, M., Abdoli, A., Motavaf, M., Poormoghadam, D., Khanbabaei, H., Afshar, E. G., Mandegary, A., et al. (2019) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom9100530 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Optimization of a Series of Bivalent Triazolopyridazine Based Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibitors: The Discovery of (3R)-4-[2-[4-[1-(3-Methoxy-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-6-yl)-4-piperidyl]phenoxy]ethyl]-1,3-dimethyl-piperazin-2-one (AZD5153)

Bradbury, R. H., Callis, R. J., Carr, G. R., Chen, H., Clark, E. A., Feron, L. J. L., Glossop, S. C., Graham, M. A., Hattersley, M. M., Jones, C., et al. (2016) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00070 · Cited by 87 · see citing works

DEPTOR at the Nexus of Cancer, Metabolism, and Immunity

Caron, A., Briscoe, D. M., Richard, D., & Laplante, M. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00064.2017 · Cited by 84 · see citing works

Selective inhibitors of mTORC1 activate 4EBP1 and suppress tumor growth

Lee, B. J., Boyer, J. A., Burnett, G. L., Thottumkara, A. P., Tibrewal, N., Wilson, S. L., Hsieh, T., Marquez, A., Lorenzana, E. G., Evans, J., et al. (2021) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-021-00813-7 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

A phase II study of the dual mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer

Graham, L. S., Banda, K., Torres, A., Carver, B. S., Chen, Y., Pisano, K., Shelkey, G., Curley, T., Scher, H. I., Lotan, T. L., et al. (2018) · Investigational New Drugs · doi:10.1007/s10637-018-0578-9 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Chemical strategies to overcome resistance against targeted anticancer therapeutics

Pisa, R., & Kapoor, T. M. (2020) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-020-0596-8 · Cited by 85 · see citing works

mTOR signaling networks: mechanistic insights and translational frontiers in disease therapeutics

Zhang, H.-X., Xiao, X., Pan, Z.-R., & Dokudovskaya, S. (2025) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-025-02493-4 · Cited by 90 · see citing works

The Role of Exosomal microRNA in Cancer Drug Resistance

Guo, Q.-R., Wang, H., Yan, Y.-D., Liu, Y., Su, C., Chen, H., Yan, Y., Adhikari, R., Wu, Q., & Zhang, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00472 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

The PTEN Conundrum: How to Target PTEN-Deficient Prostate Cancer

Turnham, D. J., Bullock, N., Dass, M. S., Staffurth, J. N., & Pearson, H. B. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9112342 · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Renal cell carcinoma therapy: Current and new drug candidates

Pontes, O., Oliveira-Pinto, S., Baltazar, F., & Costa, M. F. (2021) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.009 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Drug discovery targeting the mTOR pathway

Martelli, A. M., Buontempo, F., & McCubrey, J. A. (2018) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20171158 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Novel therapeutic approaches targeting L-type amino acid transporters for cancer treatment

Hayashi, K., & Anzai, N. (2017) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · doi:10.4251/wjgo.v9.i1.21 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

mTOR co-targeting strategies for head and neck cancer therapy

Wang, Z., Valera, J. L. C., Zhao, X., Chen, Q., & Gutkind, J. S. (2017) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-017-9688-7 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Recent advances in PI3K/PKB/mTOR inhibitors as new anticancer agents

Occhiuzzi, M. A., Lico, G., Ioele, G., Luca, M. D., Garofalo, A., & Grande, F. (2022) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114971 · Cited by 75 · see citing works

Oncogenic Signalling through Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR): A Driver of Metabolic Transformation and Cancer Progression

Rad, E., Murray, J. T., & Tee, A. R. (2018) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers10010005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Discovery of RMC-5552, a Selective Bi-Steric Inhibitor of mTORC1, for the Treatment of mTORC1-Activated Tumors

Burnett, G. L., Yang, Y. C., Aggen, J. B., Pitzen, J., Gliedt, M. K., Semko, C. M., Marquez, A., Evans, J. W., Wang, G., Won, W. S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01658 · Cited by 72 · see citing works

DRESIS: the first comprehensive landscape of drug resistance information

Sun, X., Zhang, Y., Li, H., Zhou, Y., Shi, S., Chen, Z., He, X., Zhang, H., Li, F., Yin, J., et al. (2022) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkac812 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Exploiting polypharmacology for improving therapeutic outcome of kinase inhibitors (KIs): An update of recent medicinal chemistry efforts

Ma, X., Lv, X., & Zhang, J. (2017) · European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.049 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

ASD2023: towards the integrating landscapes of allosteric knowledgebase

He, J., Liu, X., Zhu, C., Zha, J., Li, Q., Zhao, M., Wei, J., Li, M., Wu, C., Wang, J., et al. (2023) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkad915 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to overcome drug resistance in cancer

Tufail, M., Wan, W., Jiang, C., & Li, N. (2024) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111055 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Strategies for monitoring and combating resistance to combination kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy

Ahronian, L. G., & Corcoran, R. B. (2017) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0431-3 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

The rise of degrader drugs

Teng, M., & Gray, N. S. (2023) · Cell chemical biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.020 · Cited by 67 · see citing works

CD36-mediated endocytosis of proteolysis-targeting chimeras

Wang, Z., Pan, B., Manne, R., Chen, J., Lv, D., Wang, M., Tran, P., Weldemichael, T., Yan, W., Zhou, H., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.03.036 · Cited by 68 · see citing works

Autophagy-related signaling pathways are involved in cancer (Review)

Chen, C., Gao, H., & Su, X. (2021) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10142 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

mTOR signaling as a molecular target for the alleviation of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis

Rapaka, D., Bitra, V. R., Challa, S. R., & Adiukwu, P. C. (2022) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105311 · Cited by 65 · see citing works

The Complex Roles of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin in Adipocytes and Beyond

Lee, P. L., Jung, S. M., & Guertin, D. A. (2017) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2017.01.004 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Role of mTORC1-S6K1 signaling pathway in regulation of hematopoietic stem cell and acute myeloid leukemia

Ghosh, J., & Kapur, R. (2017) · Experimental Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.exphem.2017.02.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Autophagy in cancer: a complex relationship

Wilde, L. R., Tanson, K., Curry, J., & Martinez‐Outschoorn, U. (2018) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bcj20170847 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

The complex network of mTOR signaling in the heart.

Sciarretta, S., Forte, M., Frati, G., & Sadoshima, J. (2021) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvab033 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Mechanisms of resistance to mTOR inhibitors

Formisano, L., Napolitano, F., Rosa, R., D’Amato, V., Servetto, A., Marciano, R., Placido, P. D., Bianco, C., & Bianco, R. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology · doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102886 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

mTOR-targeted cancer therapy: great target but disappointing clinical outcomes, why?

Sun, S. (2020) · Frontiers of Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11684-020-0812-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works

Genetic and epigenetic inactivation of SESTRIN1 controls mTORC1 and response to EZH2 inhibition in follicular lymphoma

Oricchio, E., Katanayeva, N., Collier, M. D., Sungalee, S., Pasion, J. P., Béguelin, W., Battistello, E., Sanghvi, V. R., Jiang, M., Jiang, Y., et al. (2017) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.aak9969 · Cited by 60 · see citing works

Potential new therapy of Rapalink‐1, a new generation mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, against sunitinib‐resistant renal cell carcinoma

Kuroshima, K., Yoshino, H., Okamura, S., Tsuruda, M., Osako, Y., Sakaguchi, T., Sugita, S., Tatarano, S., Nakagawa, M., & Enokida, H. (2020) · Cancer Science · doi:10.1111/cas.14395 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Abstract IA25: Third-generation inhibitors of mTOR

Shokat, K. M. (2017) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.transcontrol16-ia25

Abstract 2147: Overcoming mTOR resistance mutations with a new generation mTOR inhibitor

Rodrik-Outmezguine, V. S., Okaniwa, M., Yao, Z., Novotny, C. J., McWhirter, C. L., Banaji, A., Won, H. H., Wong, W. P. E., Berger, M., de Stanchina, E., et al. (2016) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2147 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Abstract 1726: Acquired resistance to rapamycin and mTOR kinase inhibitors is mediated by non-overlapping mutations in distinct sites in the mTOR protein

Rodrik-Outmezguine, V. S., Yao, Z., Mukherjee, R., Cai, L., Barratt, D. G., Ward, R., Klinowska, T. C. M., de Stanchina, E., Berger, M., Baselga, J. M., et al. (2014) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1726 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Abstract PR04: mTOR mutations in cancer

Grabiner, B. C., Wagle, N., Allen, E. M. V., Garraway, L. A., Lorch, J. H., & Sabatini, D. M. (2015) · Molecular Cancer Therapeutics · doi:10.1158/1538-8514.pi3k14-pr04

Abstract PD1-8: Acquired resistance to rapamycin and mTOR kinase inhibitors is mediated by non-overlapping mutations in distinct sites in the mTOR protein

Rodrik-Outmezguine, V., Yao, Z., Berger, M., de Stanchina, E., Klinowska, T. C. M., Barratt, D., Baselga, J. M., & Rosen, N. (2013) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-pd1-8