Cited by 291Pluripotent Stem Cells ResearchReproductive Biology and FertilityDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Inhibition of mTOR induces a paused pluripotent state

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Bulut-Karslioglu, Aydan, Biechele, Steffen, Jin, Hu, Macrae, Trisha A., Hejna, Miroslav, Gertsenstein, Marina, Song, Jun S., Ramalho-Santos, Miguel·2016·Nature

Abstract

Cultured pluripotent stem cells are a cornerstone of regenerative medicine owing to their ability to give rise to all cell types of the body. Although pluripotent stem cells can be propagated indefinitely in vitro, pluripotency is paradoxically a transient state in vivo, lasting 2-3 days around the time of blastocyst implantation. The exception to this rule is embryonic diapause, a reversible state of suspended development triggered by unfavourable conditions. Diapause is a physiological reproductive strategy widely employed across the animal kingdom, including in mammals, but its regulation remains poorly understood. Here we report that the partial inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a major nutrient sensor and promoter of growth, induces reversible pausing of mouse blastocyst development and allows their prolonged culture ex vivo. Paused blastocysts remain pluripotent and competent-able to give rise to embryonic stem (ES) cells and live, fertile mice. We show that both naturally diapaused blastocysts in vivo and paused blastocysts ex vivo display pronounced reductions in mTOR activity, translation, histone modifications associated with gene activity and transcription. Pausing can be induced directly in cultured ES cells and sustained for weeks without appreciable cell death or deviations from cell cycle distributions. We show that paused ES cells display a remarkable global suppression of transcription, maintain a gene expression signature of diapaused blastocysts and remain pluripotent. These results uncover a new pluripotent stem cell state corresponding to the epiblast of the diapaused blastocyst and indicate that mTOR regulates developmental timing at the peri-implantation stage. Our findings have implications in the fields of assisted reproduction, regenerative medicine, cancer, metabolic disorders and ageing.

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Metadata

Authors
Bulut-Karslioglu, A., Biechele, S., Jin, H., Macrae, T. A., Hejna, M., Gertsenstein, M., Song, J. S., & Ramalho-Santos, M.
Affiliations
  • University of California, San Francisco (US)
  • University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
  • Toronto Centre for Phenogenomics (CA)
Venue
Nature
Published
2016-11-23
Volume
540
Issue
7631
Pages
119-123
ISSN
  • 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4687
OpenAlex
W2553053943
Cited by
283
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 2
FWCI
10.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health (R01OD012204)
  • University of California, San Francisco
  • National Cancer Institute (P30CA082103, R01CA163336)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM113014)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK063720)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
mTOR inhibition, delayed implantation, blastocyst development, pluripotency, epiblast, embryonic stem cells, long-term culture, transcriptional repression, histone modifications, peri-implantation development, developmental timing, assisted reproduction, regenerative medicine, rapamycin, mouse embryo, translational regulation, nutrient sensing
MeSH terms
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells, Animals, Blastocyst, Cells, Cultured, Female, Germ Layers, Histones, Male, Transcription, Genetic, Protein Biosynthesis, Down-Regulation, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Embryonic Development, Mice, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, In Vitro Techniques

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