Spectral phase measurement of a Fano resonance using tunable attosecond pulses
Open accessAbstract
Electron dynamics induced by resonant absorption of light is of fundamental importance in nature and has been the subject of countless studies in many scientific areas. Above the ionization threshold of atomic or molecular systems, the presence of discrete states leads to autoionization, which is an interference between two quantum paths: direct ionization and excitation of the discrete state coupled to the continuum. Traditionally studied with synchrotron radiation, the probability for autoionization exhibits a universal Fano intensity profile as a function of excitation energy. However, without additional phase information, the full temporal dynamics cannot be recovered. Here we use tunable attosecond pulses combined with weak infrared radiation in an interferometric setup to measure not only the intensity but also the phase variation of the photoionization amplitude across an autoionization resonance in argon. The phase variation can be used as a fingerprint of the interactions between the discrete state and the ionization continua, indicating a new route towards monitoring electron correlations in time.
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The results in figure 23 represent the phase distortion of the ionized electron wavepacket due to the presence of a discrete state that decays by autoionization.
“The results shown in figure 23 [192] represent the phase distortion of the ionized electron wavepacket due to the presence of a discrete state, which decays by autoionization.”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [192]
Pump/probe schemes often use either single attosecond pulses with a rather intense infrared probe pulse or an attosecond pulse train with a weak infrared pulse.
“Pump/probe schemes often use either single attosecond pulses together with a rather intense infrared probe pulse [185,186,191] or an attosecond pulse train together with a weak infrared pulse [187-190, 192, 193].”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [192]
Phase variation of sideband 16 as a function of the energy of harmonic 17, close to the 3s -1 4p quasibound state.
“Phase variation of sideband 16 as a function of the energy of harmonic 17, close to the 3s -1 4p quasibound state.”
From Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics (2018) · cites this paper as [192]
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Bertolino, M., & Dahlström, J. M. (2021) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.013270 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationProbing electronic decoherence with high-resolution attosecond photoelectron interferometry
Busto, D., Laurell, H., Finkelstein‐Shapiro, D., Alexandridi, C., Isinger, M., Nandi, S., Squibb, R. J., Turconi, M., Zhong, S., Arnold, C. L., et al. (2022) · The European Physical Journal D · doi:10.1140/epjd/s10053-022-00438-y · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh harmonic generation-2ω attosecond stereo-photoionization interferometry in N2
Loriot, V., Marciniak, A., Nandi, S., Καρράς, Γ., Hervé, M., Constant, E., Plésiat, É., Palacios, A., Martı́n, F., & Lépine, F. (2020) · Journal of Physics Photonics · doi:10.1088/2515-7647/ab7b10 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“It also provides a direct information of how this lifetime varies as a function of the detuning with respect to the maximum of the resonance [36].”
BackgroundSelf-citationResonant two-photon ionization of helium atoms studied by attosecond interferometry
Neoričić, L., Busto, D., Laurell, H., Weissenbilder, R., Ammitzböll, M., Luo, S., Peschel, J., Wikmark, H., Lahl, J., Maclot, S., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Physics · doi:10.3389/fphy.2022.964586 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationCircular Holographic Ionization-Phase Meter
Donsa, S., Douguet, N., Burgdörfer, J., Březinová, I., & Argenti, L. (2019) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.123.133203 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationAttosecond metrology of the two-dimensional charge distribution in molecules
Loriot, V., Boyer, A., Nandi, S., González-Collado, C. M., Plésiat, É., Marciniak, A., Garcia, C. L., Hu, Y., Lara‐Astiaso, M., Palacios, A., et al. (2024) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/s41567-024-02406-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“For the data close to 25 eV, the discrepancy might arise from Fano resonances excited by H17 in Ar [24], so that this discrepancy vanishes when the delay difference between two molecules is considered.”
Self-citationKheifets, A. S. (2021) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.104.l021103 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Multiple Fano Resonances in Plasmonic Waveguide-Based Cavity and Detection of Pathogenic Virus
Jha, S. K., Varshney, G., & Kumar, R. (2023) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2023.3276950 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Role of nuclear-electronic coupling in attosecond photoionization of H2
Wang, A. L., Serov, V. V., Kamalov, A., Bucksbaum, P. H., Kheifets, A. S., & Cryan, J. P. (2021) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.104.063119 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Alexander, O., Barnard, J. C. T., Larsen, E. W., et al. (2023) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.5.043030 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationDe, R., Magrakvelidze, M., Madjet, M. E., et al. (2016) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/0953-4075/49/11/11lt01 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Dynamical distortions of structural signatures in molecular high-order harmonic spectroscopy
Labeye, M., Risoud, F., Lévêque, C., Caillat, J., Maquet, A., Shaaran, T., Salieres, P. L., & Taïeb, R. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.99.013412 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationWigner time delay in photodetachment
Saha, S., Jose, J., Deshmukh, P. C., Aravind, G., Dolmatov, V. K., Kheifets, A. S., & Manson, S. T. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.99.043407 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Bright continuously tunable vacuum ultraviolet source for ultrafast spectroscopy
Jurkovičová, L., Ltaief, L. B., Roos, A. H., Hort, O., Finke, O., Albrecht, M., Hoque, Z., Klimešová, E., Sundaralingam, A., Antipenkov, R., et al. (2024) · Communications Physics · doi:10.1038/s42005-023-01513-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Recent developments of VUV ultrafast pump-probe schemes have brought fascinating discoveries, like identifying pathways of photo-triggered chemical reactions [1, 2, 3], tracking electron correlations in real-time [4, 5, 6], or controlling the optical properties of semiconductors [7].”
BackgroundWigner photoemission time delay from endohedral anions
Kumar, A., Varma, H. R., Deshmukh, P. C., Manson, S. T., Dolmatov, V. K., & Kheifets, A. S. (2016) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.94.043401 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mauger, F., Abanador, P. M., Scarborough, T. D., Gorman, T. T., Agostini, P., DiMauro, L. F., Lopata, K. A., Schäfer, K. J., & Gaarde, M. B. (2019) · Structural Dynamics · doi:10.1063/1.5111349 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gregory, M., Hockett, P., Stolow, A., & Makhija, V. S. (2021) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/ac135f · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Fu, Y., Wang, B., Wang, K., Tang, X., Li, B., Yin, Z., Han, J., Lin, C. D., & Jin, C. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2307836121 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Attosecond delay of xenon 4d photoionization at the giant resonance and Cooper minimum
Magrakvelidze, M., Madjet, M. E., & Chakraborty, H. (2016) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.94.013429 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Singh, A. K., Ray, S. K., Chandel, S., Pal, S., Gupta, A., Mitra, P. S., & Ghosh, N. (2018) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.97.053801 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
High-order harmonic generation in an active grating
Chappuis, C., Bresteau, D., Auguste, T., Gobert, O., & Ruchon, T. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.99.033806 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Shaping electron-hole trajectories for solid-state high harmonic generation control
Orenstein, G., Uzan, A. J., Gadasi, S., Arusi-Parpar, T., Kruger, M. B., Cireasa, R., Bruner, B. D., & Dudovich, N. (2019) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.27.037835 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
All-optical valley switch and clock of electronic dephasing
Silva, R. E. F., Ivanov, M., & Jiménez-Galán, Á. (2022) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.460291 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationPhase-matched four-wave mixing in the extreme ultraviolet region
Tran, K. A., Dinh, K. B., Hannaford, P., et al. (2018) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.5028436 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Dispersion-engineered multipass optical parametric amplification
Nägele, J. H., Steinle, T. R. J., Thannheimer, J., et al. (2025) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09665-w · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bertolino, M., Carlström, S., Peschel, J., Zapata, F., Lindroth, E., & Dahlström, J. M. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.106.043108 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationTransition dynamics in two-photon ionisation
Vacher, M., Gaillac, R., Maquet, A., Taïeb, R., & Caillat, J. (2017) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8986/aa8f56 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Probing resonant scattering dynamics with this interpretation of integrated RABBITmeasurements was successfully achieved in the s p 3 4 1 Fano resonance of Ar [49].”
MethodSelf-citationSchoun, S. B., Camper, A., Salieres, P. L., et al. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.033201 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bharti, D., Srinivas, H., Shobeiry, F., et al. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.107.022801 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Ultra-stable and versatile high-energy resolution setup for attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy
Luo, S., Weissenbilder, R., Laurell, H., Ammitzböll, M., Poulain, V., Busto, D., Neoričić, L., Guo, C., Zhong, S., Kroon, D., et al. (2023) · Advances in Physics X · doi:10.1080/23746149.2023.2250105 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Ionization time delays in atomic [22,23] or molecular [24,25] systems as well as from surfaces [26], the temporal buildup of electron wavepackets from an autoionizing state [27,28] and the electronic rearrangement following ionization have been measured on the attosecond timescale [29–31].”
BackgroundSelf-citationInfluence of final state interactions in attosecond photoelectron interferometry
Luo, S., Weissenbilder, R., Laurell, H., et al. (2024) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043271 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationReconstruction of atomic resonances with attosecond streaking
Varillas, R. B., & Lucchini, M. (2021) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.415463 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wigner–Eisenbud–Smith photoionization time delay due to autoioinization resonances
Deshmukh, P. C., Kumar, A., Varma, H. R., et al. (2018) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/aaae33 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Banerjee, S., Deshmukh, P. C., Dolmatov, V. K., Manson, S. T., & Kheifets, A. S. (2019) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.99.013416 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Borràs, V. J., González‐Vázquez, J., Argenti, L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00480 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationRelativistic Two-Photon Matrix Elements for Attosecond Delays
Lindroth, E., Dahlström, J. M., & Vinbladh, J. (2022) · Atoms · doi:10.3390/atoms10030080 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationMonitoring the ultrafast buildup of Rabi oscillations in the time domain
Zhang, X., Liao, Y., Chen, Y., et al. (2024) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.109.063102 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Application of the complex Kohn variational method to attosecond spectroscopy
Douguet, N., Schneider, B. I., & Argenti, L. (2018) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.98.023403 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationSörngård, J., Dahlström, J. M., & Lindroth, E. (2020) · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6455/ab84c6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationLiao, Y., Zhou, Y., Pi, L.-W., Liang, J., Ke, Q., Zhao, Y., Li, M., & Lu, P. (2022) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.105.063110 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Attosecond delay in the molecular photoionization of asymmetric molecules
Chacón, A., & Ruíz, C. (2018) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.26.004548 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Floquet interpretation of attosecond RABBITT traces
Lucchini, M. (2023) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.108.013117 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Heterodyne analysis of high-order partial waves in attosecond photoionization of helium
Jiang, W., Roantree, L., Han, L., Ji, J.-B., Xu, Y., Zuo, Z., Wörner, H. J., Ueda, K., Brown, A. C., van der Hart, H. W., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-55247-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The state of the art in attosecond-metrology is the measurement of photoelectron emission time delays which encode information about the atomic potential 12 – 18 or molecular structure 19,20 through scattering of the outgoing photoelectron by the atomic or molecular potential.”
Photoionization Time Delays Probe Electron Correlations
Li, M., Wang, H. H., Tahouri, R., Weissenbilder, R., Li, J., Wang, W., Cai, J., Hong, X., Shi, X., Pi, L.-W., et al. (2025) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/ll25-15dm · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationFano interference in quantum resonances from angle-resolved elastic scattering
Paliwal, P., Blech, A., Koch, C. P., & Narevicius, E. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27556-2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The development of attosecond XFELs for understanding ultrafast electron motion
Cryan, J. P., Driver, T., Duris, J., Guo, Z., Li, S., O’Neal, J. T., & Marinelli, A. (2022) · Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics · doi:10.1016/bs.aamop.2022.05.001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Chen, C., Hernández-García, C., Tao, Z., You, W., Zhang, Y., Zusin, D. H., Gentry, C., Tengdin, P., Becker, A., Jaroń-Becker, A., et al. (2017) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.25.028684 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
High harmonic generation and application for photoemission spectroscopy in condensed matter
Zhong, S., Liang, Y., Wang, S., Teng, H., He, X., & Wei, Z. (2022) · Materials Futures · doi:10.1088/2752-5724/ac740d · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Probing Photoionization Dynamics in Acetylene with Angle-Resolved Attosecond Interferometry
Boyer, A., Loriot, V., Nandi, S., & Lépine, F. (2024) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06533 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ionization dynamics through a Fano resonance: Time-domain interpretation of spectral amplitudes
Desrier, A., Maquet, A., Taïeb, R., & Caillat, J. (2018) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.98.053406 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of spin-orbit-interaction-activated interchannel coupling on photoemission time delay
Banerjee, S., Deshmukh, P. C., Kheifets, A. S., & Manson, S. T. (2020) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.101.043411 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Towards the complete phase profiling of attosecond wave packets
Fuchs, J., Douguet, N., Donsa, S., Martı́n, F., Burgdörfer, J., Argenti, L., Cattaneo, L., & Keller, U. (2021) · Physical Review Research · doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.3.013195 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationGeneration of Multiple Plasmonic Fano Resonances and Detection of Distinct Analytes
Jha, S. K., Varshney, G., & Kumar, R. (2023) · IEEE Photonics Technology Letters · doi:10.1109/lpt.2023.3332816 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Consequently, the excited state of the He atom releases the electron through the process of autoionization coupled to energy band of photo-ionization process [2].”
BackgroundEckstein, M., Mayer, N., Yang, C.-H., et al. (2016) · Faraday Discussions · doi:10.1039/c6fd00093b · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Towards the complete phase profiling of attosecond wave packets
Fuchs, J., Douguet, N., Donsa, S., et al. (2021) · Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) · doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000472342 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationAngular anisotropy parameters for photoionization delays
Saha, S., Vinbladh, J., Sörngård, J., et al. (2021) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.104.033108 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationResolving Quantum Interference Black Box through Attosecond Photoionization Spectroscopy
Jiang, W., Armstrong, G., Han, L., Xu, Y., Zuo, Z., Tong, J., Lu, P., Dahlström, J. M., Ueda, K., Brown, A. C., et al. (2023) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.131.203201 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationRelation between photoionisation cross sections and attosecond time delays
Ji, J.-B., Kheifets, A. S., Han, M., Ueda, K., & Wörner, H. J. (2024) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/ad7633 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Electron-spectral-line profiles of resonances by attosecond XUV or x-ray pulses
Zhang, S. B., Xie, X. T., & Wang, J. (2017) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.96.053420 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Eckstein, M., Mayer, N., Yang, C.-H., et al. (2016) · Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) · doi:10.17169/refubium-24777 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, P., Liang, H., Han, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-025-01715-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kotur, M., Guénot, D., Jiménez-Galán, Á., Kroon, D., Larsen, E. W., Louisy, M., Bengtsson, S., Miranda, M., Mauritsson, J., Arnold, C. L., Canton, S. E., Gisselbrecht, M., Carette, T., Dahlström, J. M., Lindroth, E., Maquet, A., Argenti, L., Martín, F., & L’Huillier, A.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (FR)
- Corresponding author
- L’Huillier, A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2016-02-18
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10566-10566
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4759632
- OpenAlex
- W3198315479
- Semantic Scholar
- c359fe94576a59c7bf13542c50abc4029cd563f5
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 11
- FWCI
- 9.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (publishedVersion)
- Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Desy publication database (The Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Hispana (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- DESY Publication Database (PUBDB) (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (PHY11- 25915, FP7/2007-2013, NSF PHY-11-25915, 25915)
- European Commission (NSF PHY11-25915, 2007–2013, FP7 2007-2013, FP7/2007)
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-11IDEX-0004-02, ANR-11-IDEX, IDEX-0004-02, ANR-11-IDEX-0004)
- Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Vetenskapsrådet (FP7/2007-2013)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02)
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara (PHY-11-25915, NSF PHY11-25915)
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (290853)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Quantum chaos and dynamical systems
- Keywords
- Fano resonance, spectral phase measurement, autoionization, attosecond pulses, argon, electron correlation, electron dynamics
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