The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evidence that birds sleep in mid-flight
Open accessAbstract
Many birds fly non-stop for days or longer, but do they sleep in flight and if so, how? It is commonly assumed that flying birds maintain environmental awareness and aerodynamic control by sleeping with only one eye closed and one cerebral hemisphere at a time. However, sleep has never been demonstrated in flying birds. Here, using electroencephalogram recordings of great frigatebirds (Fregata minor) flying over the ocean for up to 10 days, we show that they can sleep with either one hemisphere at a time or both hemispheres simultaneously. Also unexpectedly, frigatebirds sleep for only 0.69 h d−1(7.4% of the time spent sleeping on land), indicating that ecological demands for attention usually exceed the attention afforded by sleeping unihemispherically. In addition to establishing that birds can sleep in flight, our results challenge the view that they sustain prolonged flights by obtaining normal amounts of sleep on the wing.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Unsupervised spike detection and sorting with wavelets and superparamagnetic clustering
Quiroga, R. Q., Nadasdy, Z., & Ben-Shaul, Y. (2004) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976604774201631 · Cited by 2,119
High-frequency, long-range coupling between prefrontal and visual cortex during attention
Gregoriou, G. G., Gotts, S. J., Zhou, H., & Desimone, R. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1171402 · Cited by 1,194
Vyazovskiy, V. V., Olcese, U., Hanlon, E. C., Nir, Y., Cirelli, C., & Tononi, G. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10009 · Cited by 865
Behavioral, neurophysiological and evolutionary perspectives on unihemispheric sleep
Rattenborg, N. C., Amlaner, C. J., & Lima, S. L. (2000) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00039-7 · Cited by 562
Self-citationGill, R. E., Tibbitts, T. L., Douglas, D. C., Handel, C. M., Mulcahy, D. M., Gottschalck, J. C., Warnock, N., McCaffery, B. J., Battley, P. F., & Piersma, T. (2009) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1142 · Cited by 501
Sleep viewed as a state of adaptive inactivity
Siegel, J. M. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2697 · Cited by 468
Motivational activation: a unifying hypothesis of orexin/hypocretin function
Mahler, S. V., Moorman, D. E., Smith, R. J., James, M. H., & Aston-Jones, G. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3810 · Cited by 385
Cetacean sleep: An unusual form of mammalian sleep
LYAMIN, O., MANGER, P., RIDGWAY, S., MUKHAMETOV, L., & SIEGEL, J. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.05.023 · Cited by 312
Top marine predators track Lagrangian coherent structures
Tew Kai, E., Rossi, V., Sudre, J., Weimerskirch, H., Lopez, C., Hernandez-Garcia, E., Marsac, F., & Garçon, V. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0811034106 · Cited by 292
Schmidt, M. H. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.001 · Cited by 291
Cited by
Peever, J., & Fuller, P. M. (2017) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.10.026 · Cited by 360
Optimizing the use of biologgers for movement ecology research
Williams, H. J., Taylor, L. A., Benhamou, S., Bijleveld, A. I., Clay, T. A., de Grissac, S., Demšar, U., English, H. M., Franconi, N., Gómez‐Laich, A., et al. (2020) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13094 · Cited by 333
Neuronal Mechanisms for Sleep/Wake Regulation and Modulatory Drive
Eban-Rothschild, A., Appelbaum, L., & de Lecea, L. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.294 · Cited by 282
Exploring phylogeny to find the function of sleep
Anafi, R. C., Kayser, M. S., & Raizen, D. M. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0098-9 · Cited by 259
Unraveling the evolutionary determinants of sleep
Joiner, W. J. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.068 · Cited by 232
Metadata
- Authors
- Rattenborg, N. C., Voirin, B., Cruz, S. M., Tisdale, R., Dell’Omo, G., Lipp, H.-P., Wikelski, M., & Vyssotski, A. L.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2016-08-03
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12468-12468
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2498792650
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 18.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Evidence that birds sleep in mid-flight. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/ncomms12468
- The paper
- Rattenborg, N. C., Voirin, B., Cruz, S. M., Tisdale, R., Dell’Omo, G., Lipp, H.-P., Wikelski, M., & Vyssotski, A. L. (2016). Evidence that birds sleep in mid-flight. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12468
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.