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A systems study reveals concurrent activation of AMPK and mTOR by amino acids
Abstract
Amino acids (aa) are not only building blocks for proteins, but also signalling molecules, with the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) acting as a key mediator. However, little is known about whether aa, independently of mTORC1, activate other kinases of the mTOR signalling network. To delineate aa-stimulated mTOR network dynamics, we here combine a computational–experimental approach with text mining-enhanced quantitative proteomics. We report that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) are acutely activated by aa-readdition in an mTORC1-independent manner. AMPK activation by aa is mediated by Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ). In response, AMPK impinges on the autophagy regulators Unc-51-like kinase-1 (ULK1) and c-Jun. AMPK is widely recognized as an mTORC1 antagonist that is activated by starvation. We find that aa acutely activate AMPK concurrently with mTOR. We show that AMPK under aa sufficiency acts to sustain autophagy. This may be required to maintain protein homoeostasis and deliver metabolite intermediates for biosynthetic processes.
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“Under glucose starvation, AMPK apparently promotes autophagy by directly activating ULK1 through phosphorylation, although the exact AMPK-mediated ULK1 phosphorylation site(s) remains controversial (Table 2) [665, 669-671].”
From Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1 (2021) · cites this paper as [669]
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“Presumably, AMPK antagonizes the autophagy-inhibitory effect of amino acids (at the level of phagophore assembly) by phosphorylating proteins involved in MTORC1 signaling, such as TSC2 [668] and RPTOR/raptor [668] as well as the MTORC1 target ULK1 (see below) [669-671].”
From Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1 (2021) · cites this paper as [669]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dalle Pezze, P., Ruf, S., Sonntag, A. G., Langelaar-Makkinje, M., Hall, P., Heberle, A. M., Razquin Navas, P., van Eunen, K., Tölle, R. C., Schwarz, J. J., Wiese, H., Warscheid, B., Deitersen, J., Stork, B., Fäßler, E., Schäuble, S., Hahn, U., Horvatovich, P., Shanley, D. P., & Thedieck, K.
- ORCID
- Wiese, Heike
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2016-11-21
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 2041-1723
- PMC
- PMC5121333
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 16
- Language
- en
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