The nuts and bolts of AGC protein kinases
Abstract
The AGC kinase subfamily of protein kinases contains 60 members, including PKA, PKG and PKC. The family comprises some intensely examined protein kinases (such as Akt, S6K, RSK, MSK, PDK1 and GRK) as well as many less well-studied enzymes (such as SGK, NDR, LATS, CRIK, SGK494, PRKX, PRKY and MAST). Research has shed new light onto the architecture and regulatory mechanisms of these kinases. In addition, AGC kinases mediate diverse and important cellular functions, and their mutation and/or dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including cancer and diabetes.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
SGK1 activation is a multi-step process involving initial phosphorylation at Ser422 by mTORC2 and subsequent phosphorylation at Thr256 by PDK1.
“SGK1 activation is a multi-step process involving initial phosphorylation at Ser422 by mTORC2 and subsequent phosphorylation at Thr256 by PDK1”
From Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in neurological disorders: pain or gain (2024) · cites this paper as Pearce et al., 2010
Cites
Phosphorylation and regulation of Akt/PKB by the rictor-mTOR complex
Sarbassov, D. D., Guertin, D. A., Ali, S. M., & Sabatini, D. M. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1106148 · Cited by 6,216 · see citing works
Yu, C., Chen, Y., Cline, G. W., Zhang, D., Zong, H., Wang, Y., Bergeron, R., Kim, J. K., Cushman, S. W., Cooney, G. J., et al. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m200958200 · Cited by 1,561 · see citing works
Effects of cAMP simulate a late stage of LTP in hippocampal CA1 neurons
Frey, U., Huang, Y.-Y., & Kandel, E. R. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8389057 · Cited by 1,218 · see citing works
Inflammatory mechanisms in the regulation of insulin resistance
Tilg, H., & Moschen, A. R. (2008) · Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2119/2007-00119.tilg · Cited by 779 · see citing works
The RSK family of kinases: emerging roles in cellular signalling
Anjum, R., & Blenis, J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2509 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
PKC-θ knockout mice are protected from fat-induced insulin resistance
Kim, J. K., Fillmore, J. J., Sunshine, M. J., Albrecht, B., Higashimori, T., Kim, D.-W., Liu, Z.-X., Soos, T. J., Cline, G. W., O’Brien, W. R., et al. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200422230 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Ras-ERK and PI3K-mTOR pathways: cross-talk and compensation
Mendoza, M. C., Er, E. E., & Blenis, J. (2011) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2011.03.006 · Cited by 1,817 · see citing works
Mapping the Hallmarks of Lung Adenocarcinoma with Massively Parallel Sequencing
Imielinski, M., Berger, A. H., Hammerman, P. S., Hernandez, B., Pugh, T. J., Hodis, E., Cho, J., Suh, J., Capelletti, M., Sivachenko, A., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.029 · Cited by 1,789 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Hippo pathway regulation
Meng, Z., Moroishi, T., & Guan, K.-L. (2016) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.274027.115 · Cited by 1,667 · see citing works
Regulation and function of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) within mTOR signalling networks
Magnuson, B., Ekim, B., & Fingar, D. C. (2012) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20110892 · Cited by 1,015 · see citing works
Copps, K. D., & White, M. F. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2644-8 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
“The activation/levels of two other IRS kinases, ROCK1 and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), is mechanistically independent of IRS [20] but is clearly influenced by insulin and altered in type 2 diabetes [88–90].”
BackgroundRedox regulation of FoxO transcription factors
Klotz, L.-O., Sánchez-Ramos, C., Prieto-Arroyo, I., Urbánek, P., Steinbrenner, H., & Monsalve, M. (2015) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2015.06.019 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
An atlas of substrate specificities for the human serine/threonine kinome
Johnson, J. L., Yaron, T. M., Huntsman, E. M., Kerelsky, A., Song, J., Regev, A., Lin, T.-Y., Liberatore, K., Cizin, D. M., Cohen, B. M., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05575-3 · Cited by 728 · see citing works
The metabolic footprint of aging in mice
Houtkooper, R. H., Argmann, C., Houten, S. M., Cantó, C., Jeninga, E. H., Andreux, P. A., Thomas, C., Doenlen, R., Schoonjans, K., & Auwerx, J. (2011) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00134 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Signalling by insulin and IGF receptors: supporting acts and new players
Siddle, K. (2011) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-11-0022 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Wander, S. A., Hennessy, B. T., & Slingerland, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci44145 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Rapid depot-specific activation of adipocyte precursor cells at the onset of obesity
Jeffery, E., Church, C. D., Holtrup, B., Colman, L., & Rodeheffer, M. S. (2015) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb3122 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Eser, S., Reiff, N., Messer, M., Seidler, B., Gottschalk, K., Dobler, M., Hieber, M., Arbeiter, A., Klein, S., Kong, B., et al. (2013) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2013.01.023 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Self-citationCatalytic Control in the EGF Receptor and Its Connection to General Kinase Regulatory Mechanisms
Jura, N., Zhang, X., Endres, N. F., Seeliger, M. A., Schindler, T., & Kuriyan, J. (2011) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2011.03.004 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Structural Basis for Activation and Inhibition of Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases
Vadas, O., Burke, J. E., Zhang, X., Berndt, A., & Williams, R. L. (2011) · Science Signaling · doi:10.1126/scisignal.2002165 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Yung, H. W., Charnock-Jones, D. S., & Burton, G. J. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017894 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Klempner, S. J., Myers, A. P., & Cantley, L. C. (2013) · Cancer Discovery · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-0063 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Desale, S. E., Chidambaram, H., & Chinnathambi, S. (2021) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-021-00036-1 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Multiple aberrant hormone receptors in Cushing’s syndrome
Ghorayeb, N. E., Bourdeau, I., & Lacroix, A. (2015) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-15-0200 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Jacobs, B. L., You, J., Frey, J. W., Goodman, C. A., Gundermann, D. M., & Hornberger, T. A. (2013) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2013.256339 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Rho-kinase as a target for cancer therapy and its immunotherapeutic potential
Kim, S., Kim, S. A., Han, J., & Kim, I.-S. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222312916 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
TOR kinase complexes and cell migration
Liu, L., & Parent, C. A. (2011) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201102090 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Rossier, B. C., Staub, O., & Hummler, E. (2013) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.013 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 regulates muscle glucose uptake during exercise in mice
Kleinert, M., Parker, B. L., Fritzen, A. M., Knudsen, J. R., Jensen, T. E., Kjøbsted, R., Sylow, L., Ruegg, M., James, D. E., & Richter, E. A. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp274203 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The MLL3/4 H3K4 methyltransferase complex in establishing an active enhancer landscape
Wang, L.-H., Aberin, M. A. E., Wu, S., & Wang, S.-P. (2021) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20191164 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Phosphorylation of Akt at the C-terminal tail triggers Akt Activation
Liu, P., Wang, Z., & Wei, W. (2014) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.29584 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Wang, G. M., Wong, H. Y., Konishi, H., Blair, B. G., Abukhdeir, A. M., Gustin, J. P., Rosen, D. M., Denmeade, S. R., Rasheed, Z., Matsui, W., et al. (2013) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1578 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Huang, S., Li, Q., Alberts, I., & Li, X. (2016) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.25304 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Presence and utility of intrinsically disordered regions in kinases
Kathiriya, J. J., Pathak, R. R., Clayman, E., Xue, B., Uversky, V. N., & Davé, V. (2014) · Molecular BioSystems · doi:10.1039/c4mb00224e · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kalkman, H. O. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11030806 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in neurological disorders: pain or gain
Howard, P. G., Zou, P., Zhang, Y., Huang, F., Tesic, V., Wu, C. Y.-C., & Lee, R. H.-C. (2024) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114973 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 ‘hijackome’ knowledge base
Huuskonen, S., Liu, X., Pöhner, I., Redchuk, T., Salokas, K., Lundberg, R., Maljanen, S., Belik, M., Reinholm, A., Kolehmainen, P., et al. (2024) · Cell Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41421-024-00748-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Computational insights into the active structure of SGK1 and its implication for ligand design
Akhoon, B. A., Gandhi, N. S., & Pandey, R. (2019) · Biochimie · doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2019.07.007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Behavioral effects of SGK1 knockout in VTA and dopamine neurons
Doyle, M. A., Stark, A. R., Fejes-Tóth, G., Náray-Fejes-Tóth, A., & Mazei-Robison, M. S. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71681-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pearce, L. R., Komander, D., & Alessi, D. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Dundee (GB)
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (GB)
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-22
- ISSN
- 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0080
- OpenAlex
- W2015714994
- Cited by
- 1,294
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 76 · 2017: 93 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 97 · 2013: 94 · 2012: 115
- FWCI
- 6.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- AGC protein kinases, kinase regulation, protein kinase A, protein kinase G, protein kinase C, Akt, SGK, NDR, LATS, cancer, diabetes mellitus
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Enzyme Activation, Humans, Neoplasms, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review