Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-β is an alternative upstream kinase for AMP-activated protein kinase
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The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical regulator of energy balance at both the cellular and whole-body levels. Two upstream kinases have been reported to activate AMPK in cell-free assays, i.e., the tumor suppressor LKB1 and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase. However, evidence that this is physiologically relevant currently only exists for LKB1. We now report that there is a significant basal activity and phosphorylation of AMPK in LKB1-deficient cells that can be stimulated by Ca2+ ionophores, and studies using the CaMKK inhibitor STO-609 and isoform-specific siRNAs show that CaMKKbeta is required for this effect. CaMKKbeta also activates AMPK much more rapidly than CaMKKalpha in cell-free assays. K(+)-induced depolarization in rat cerebrocortical slices, which increases intracellular Ca2+ without disturbing cellular adenine nucleotide levels, activates AMPK, and this is blocked by STO-609. Our results suggest a potential Ca(2+)-dependent neuroprotective pathway involving phosphorylation and activation of AMPK by CaMKKbeta.
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LKB1 and CAMKK2 are the two main mammalian upstream molecules that phosphorylate AMPK.
“Liver kinase B 1 (LKB1) [32] and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CAMKK) 2 [33,34] can be employed as the two main mammalian upstream molecules that phosphorylate AMPK.”
From AMPK, Mitochondrial Function, and Cardiovascular Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
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AMPK at the Nexus of Energetics and Aging
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Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Metabolism Mediates the Orexigenic Action of Ghrelin
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AMP-activated Protein Kinase and the Regulation of Autophagic Proteolysis
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AMPK: A Target for Drugs and Natural Products With Effects on Both Diabetes and Cancer
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Self-citationA systems study reveals concurrent activation of AMPK and mTOR by amino acids
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Energy metabolism in health and diseases
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Mechanism of Action of A-769662, a Valuable Tool for Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase
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Self-citationThe Glycogen-Binding Domain on the AMPK β Subunit Allows the Kinase to Act as a Glycogen Sensor
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Self-citationA second look into fibre typing – Relation to meat quality
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Hunger States Switch a Flip-Flop Memory Circuit via a Synaptic AMPK-Dependent Positive Feedback Loop
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Hypoxia. 2. Hypoxia regulates cellular metabolism
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AMP-activated protein kinase and its downstream transcriptional pathways
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Functions of AMP‐activated protein kinase in adipose tissue
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Anti-diabetic and anti-lipidemic effects of chlorogenic acid are mediated by ampk activation
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AMP-activated protein kinase: nature's energy sensor
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase as a Drug Target
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Self-citationTAK1 activates AMPK‐dependent cytoprotective autophagy in TRAIL‐treated epithelial cells
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Degradation of AMPK by a Cancer-Specific Ubiquitin Ligase
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Hypothalamic CaMKK2 Contributes to the Regulation of Energy Balance
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase: A Target for Drugs both Ancient and Modern
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Self-citationSensing of energy and nutrients by AMP-activated protein kinase
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AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in the Heart
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Development of protein kinase activators: AMPK as a target in metabolic disorders and cancer
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CircACC1 Regulates Assembly and Activation of AMPK Complex under Metabolic Stress
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- Authors
- Hawley, S. A., Pan, D. A., Mustard, K. J., Ross, L., Bain, J., Edelman, A. M., Frenguelli, B. G., & Hardie, D. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Dundee (GB)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hardie, D. Grahame
- Venue
- Cell Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-19
- ISSN
- 1550-4131 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2067979493
- Cited by
- 1,589
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 84 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 118
- FWCI
- 27.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Keywords
- AMPK, CaMKKβ, LKB1, AMPK activation, upstream kinases, calcium ionophore, STO-609, potassium depolarization, intracellular calcium, neuroprotection, energy metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Calcimycin, Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase, Adenosine Diphosphate, Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Benzimidazoles, Brain, Enzyme Activation, Fibroblasts, HeLa Cells, Humans, Isoquinolines, Multienzyme Complexes, Phosphoprotein Phosphatases, Phosphorylation, Substrate Specificity, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, RNA, Small Interfering, Mice, Rats, Naphthalimides, Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, In Vitro Techniques
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