Cited by 344Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth FactorsFibroblast Growth Factor ResearchPancreatic function and diabetes

Mechanisms of disease: metabolic effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1

LeRoith, Derek, Yakar, Shoshana·2007·Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism

Abstract

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 is a member of a family that is involved in growth, development, cell differentiation, and metabolism. IGF1, IGF2 and insulin act primarily through tyrosine-kinase-linked receptors--the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) and insulin receptor (IR). The IGF1R binds IGF1 and IGF2 with high affinity and the IR binds insulin with high affinity; however, since both receptors share a high degree of structural and functional homology, the IGF1R can bind insulin and the IR can bind the IGFs with reduced affinity. These two receptors can, moreover, form heterodimers, which bind both ligands. Upon binding to the receptors, cascades of tyrosine and serine kinases are stimulated to facilitate growth or metabolism. The IGF2 receptor is a scavenger receptor, and is, therefore, not involved in mediation of growth or metabolic effects of the IGF family and will not be discussed in the current article. IGF1 is a major gene target of growth hormone and its product mediates many of the actions of growth hormone on growth and development; however, IGF1 has actions distinct from those of growth hormone in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. For example, excess growth hormone causes insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, whereas IGF1 has insulin-like effects that reduce blood glucose levels and has been used experimentally to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

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Crossref · 10.1038/ncpendmet0427

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  • The effects of growth hormones on glucose regulation is intricate.

    “The effects of growth hormones on glucose regulation is intricate and changes substantially with different dosage and treatment duration (49, 51).”
  • The effect of growth hormone on glucose regulation is intricate and changes substantially with different dosage and treatment duration.

    “on glucose regulation is intricate and changes substantially with different dosage and treatment duration (49, 51).”
  • The effects of growth hormones on glucose regulation changes substantially with different dosage and treatment duration.

    “The effects of growth hormones on glucose regulation is intricate and changes substantially with different dosage and treatment duration (49, 51).”
  • Growth hormone in contrast to IGF-1 has many catabolic effects leading to provision of energy-rich substrates to an activated immune system in inflammation.

    “Thus, growth hormone in contrast to IGF-1 has many catabolic effects leading to provision of energy-rich substrates to an activated immune system in inflammation.”

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Authors
LeRoith, D., & Yakar, S.
Affiliations
Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
LeRoith, Derek
Venue
Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism
Published
2007-03
Volume
3
Issue
3
Pages
302-310
ISSN
  • 1745-8366 (ISSN-L)
  • 1745-8374
OpenAlex
W2084967524
Cited by
344
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 24
FWCI
1.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
Keywords
insulin-like growth factor I, growth hormone, IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor, receptor heterodimerization, tyrosine kinase signaling, insulin-like growth factor II, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, diabetes treatment
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Models, Biological, Growth Hormone, Models, Animal, Growth and Development, Metabolic Networks and Pathways

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