Brain-expressed exons under purifying selection are enriched for de novo mutations in autism spectrum disorder
Abstract
A universal challenge in genetic studies of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is determining whether a given DNA sequence alteration will manifest as disease. Among different population controls, we observed, for specific exons, an inverse correlation between exon expression level in brain and burden of rare missense mutations. For genes that harbor de novo mutations predicted to be deleterious, we found that specific critical exons were significantly enriched in individuals with ASD relative to their siblings without ASD (P < 1.13 × 10(-38); odds ratio (OR) = 2.40). Furthermore, our analysis of genes with high exonic expression in brain and low burden of rare mutations demonstrated enrichment for known ASD-associated genes (P < 3.40 × 10(-11); OR = 6.08) and ASD-relevant fragile-X protein targets (P < 2.91 × 10(-157); OR = 9.52). Our results suggest that brain-expressed exons under purifying selection should be prioritized in genotype-phenotype studies for ASD and related neurodevelopmental conditions.
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Brain-critical exons have high gene expression in brain and low rare burden of rare mutations, and have been proposed to represent autism candidate genes.
“which have high gene expression in brain and low rare burden of rare mutations, and have been proposed to represent autism candidate genes25”
From Transcriptome analysis reveals dysregulation of innate immune response genes and neuronal activity-dependent genes in autism (2014) · cites this paper as [25]
Uddin et al. identified 3,955 exons mapping to 1,744 genes with high expression in the brain and a low burden of rare mutations, designated as 'brain-critical exons'.
“Finally, Uddin et al. identified 3,955 exons mapping to 1,744 genes with high expression in the brain and a low burden of rare mutations, and designate these as ‘brain-critical exons’25.”
From Transcriptome analysis reveals dysregulation of innate immune response genes and neuronal activity-dependent genes in autism (2014) · cites this paper as [25]
Many of the genes associated with ASD are also linked with elemental homeostasis, and genes implicated in ASD converge to specific neuronal co-expression networks especially during the same critical early developmental periods observed in this study.
“Notably, many of the genes associated with ASD are also linked with elemental homeostasis930, and it is intriguing that genes implicated in ASD converge to specific neuronal co-expression networks especially during the same critical early developmental periods we have observed in this study313233.”
From Fetal and postnatal metal dysregulation in autism (2017) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Uddin, M., Tammimies, K., Pellecchia, G., Alipanahi, B., Hu, P., Wang, Z., Pinto, D., Lau, L., Nalpathamkalam, T., Marshall, C. R., Blencowe, B. J., Frey, B. J., Merico, D., Yuen, R. K. C., & Scherer, S. W.
- Affiliations
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scherer, Stephen W
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Genetics
- Published
- 2014-05-25
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 742-747
- ISSN
- 1061-4036 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1718
- OpenAlex
- W2055068525
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 14.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FRNXGG818, FRN 74527)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, de novo mutations, purifying selection, genotype-phenotype correlation, neurodevelopmental disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Exons, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Phenotype, RNA, Messenger, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Mutation, Missense, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene Regulatory Networks, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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