Cited by 216Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersGenomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities

Genome-wide characteristics of de novo mutations in autism

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Yuen, Ryan KC, Merico, Daniele, Cao, Hongzhi, Pellecchia, Giovanna, Alipanahi, Babak, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, Tong, Xin, Sun, Yuhui +40 more·2016·npj Genomic Medicine

Abstract

De novo mutations (DNMs) are important in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but so far analyses have mainly been on the ~1.5% of the genome encoding genes. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 200 ASD parent–child trios and characterised germline and somatic DNMs. We confirmed that the majority of germline DNMs (75.6%) originated from the father, and these increased significantly with paternal age only (P=4.2×10−10). However, when clustered DNMs (those within 20 kb) were found in ASD, not only did they mostly originate from the mother (P=7.7×10−13), but they could also be found adjacent to de novo copy number variations where the mutation rate was significantly elevated (P=2.4×10−24). By comparing with DNMs detected in controls, we found a significant enrichment of predicted damaging DNMs in ASD cases (P=8.0×10−9; odds ratio=1.84), of which 15.6% (P=4.3×10−3) and 22.5% (P=7.0×10−5) were non-coding or genic non-coding, respectively. The non-coding elements most enriched for DNM were untranslated regions of genes, regulatory sequences involved in exon-skipping and DNase I hypersensitive regions. Using microarrays and a novel outlier detection test, we also found aberrant methylation profiles in 2/185 (1.1%) of ASD cases. These same individuals carried independently identified DNMs in the ASD-risk and epigenetic genes DNMT3A and ADNP. Our data begins to characterize different genome-wide DNMs, and highlight the contribution of non-coding variants, to the aetiology of ASD.

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  • ASD individuals have two- to three-fold more rare CNVs and de novo loss-of-function variants than unaffected siblings.

    “individuals with ASD have a two- to three-fold increase in the number of rare copy number variations (CNVs) and de novo loss-of-function (nonsense, frameshift, and splice site) variants compared to their unaffected siblings11–14.”

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Authors
Yuen, R. K., Merico, D., Cao, H., Pellecchia, G., Alipanahi, B., Thiruvahindrapuram, B., Tong, X., Sun, Y., Cao, D., Zhang, T., Wu, X., Jin, X., Zhou, Z., Liu, X., Nalpathamkalam, T., Walker, S., Howe, J. L., Wang, Z., MacDonald, J. R., Chan, A. J., D’Abate, L., Deneault, E., Siu, M. T., Tammimies, K., Uddin, M., Zarrei, M., Wang, M., Li, Y., Wang, J., Wang, J., Yang, H., Bookman, M., Bingham, J., Gross, S. S., Loy, D., Pletcher, M., Marshall, C. R., Anagnostou, E., Zwaigenbaum, L., Weksberg, R., Fernandez, B. A., Roberts, W., Szatmari, P., Glazer, D., Frey, B. J., Ring, R. H., Xu, X., & Scherer, S. W.
Affiliations
  • Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
  • BGI Group (China) (CN)
  • University of Toronto (CA)
  • Karolinska Institutet (SE)
  • Google (United States) (US)
  • Autism Speaks (US)
  • University of Alberta (CA)
  • Memorial University of Newfoundland (CA)
Corresponding author
Scherer, Stephen W
Venue
npj Genomic Medicine
Published
2016-08-03
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
160271-1602710
ISSN
2056-7944 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2484001856
Cited by
216
References
70
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 2
FWCI
21.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • npj Genomic Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Autism Speaks
  • GlaxoSmithKline
  • Genome Canada
  • Ontario Brain Institute
  • National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
  • Stollery Children’s Hospital Foundation
  • Children's Hospital Foundation
  • Ontario Genomics
  • Government of Ontario
  • Ontario Genomics Institute
  • Sick Kids Foundation
  • University of Toronto
  • Vetenskapsrådet
  • Hospital for Sick Children
  • U.S. Public Health Service (140849-1)
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (140849_1)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
Keywords
de novo mutations, autism spectrum disorder, germline mutations, somatic mutations, paternal age, clustered mutations, copy number variation, non-coding variants, untranslated regions, exon skipping, DNA methylation, DNMT3A, ADNP, mutation rate

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