Germline KRAS mutations cause Noonan syndrome
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (MIM 163950) is characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphism and cardiac defects. Heterozygous mutations in PTPN11, which encodes SHP-2, cause approximately 50% of cases of Noonan syndrome. The SHP-2 phosphatase relays signals from activated receptor complexes to downstream effectors, including Ras. We discovered de novo germline KRAS mutations that introduce V14I, T58I or D153V amino acid substitutions in five individuals with Noonan syndrome and a P34R alteration in a individual with cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (MIM 115150), which has overlapping features with Noonan syndrome. Recombinant V14I and T58I K-Ras proteins show defective intrinsic GTP hydrolysis and impaired responsiveness to GTPase activating proteins, render primary hematopoietic progenitors hypersensitive to growth factors and deregulate signal transduction in a cell lineage-specific manner. These studies establish germline KRAS mutations as a cause of human disease and infer that the constellation of developmental abnormalities seen in Noonan syndrome spectrum is, in large part, due to hyperactive Ras.
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V14 is an important hub in the KRAS hydrophobic interaction network.
“Supporting the fact that V14 is an important hub in the KRAS hydrophobic interaction network”
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- Authors
- Schubbert, S., Zenker, M., Rowe, S. L., Böll, S., Klein, C., Bollag, G., van der Burgt, I., Musante, L., Kalscheuer, V., Wehner, L.-E., Nguyen, H., West, B., Zhang, K. Y. J., Sistermans, E., Rauch, A., Niemeyer, C. M., Shannon, K., & Kratz, C. P.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Plexxikon (United States) (US)
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics (DE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Shannon, Kevin
- Kratz, Christian P
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Genetics
- Published
- 2006-02-12
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 331-336
- ISSN
- 1061-4036 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-1718
- OpenAlex
- W2166692731
- Cited by
- 730
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 47
- FWCI
- 28.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2006-05-01)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01-CA 72614, R01CA072614, R01CA104282)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Keywords
- Noonan syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, SHP2, PTPN11, Ras signaling, GTPase-activating protein, GTP hydrolysis, hematopoietic progenitor cells, short stature, cardiac defects, facial dysmorphism
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Female, Guanosine Triphosphate, Genetic Carrier Screening, Humans, Infant, Male, Noonan Syndrome, Genes, ras, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Germ-Line Mutation, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11
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