Ras oncogenes: split personalities

Functional rafts in cell membranes

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G PROTEINS: TRANSDUCERS OF RECEPTOR-GENERATED SIGNALS

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Oncogenic ras provokes premature cell senescence associated with accumulation of p53 and p16INK4a

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Regulation of Renal Organic Anion Transporter 3 (SLC22A8) Expression and Function by the Integrity of Lipid Raft Domains and their Associated Cytoskeleton

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Tumorigenic conversion of primary embryo fibroblasts requires at least two cooperating oncogenes

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Creation of human tumour cells with defined genetic elements

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Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf.

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Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase direct target of Ras

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Mutations in PTPN11, encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, cause Noonan syndrome

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The Ras-RasGAP Complex: Structural Basis for GTPase Activation and Its Loss in Oncogenic Ras Mutants

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Type 1 Neurofibromatosis Gene: Identification of a Large Transcript Disrupted in Three NF1 Patients

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Mechanism of activation of a human oncogene

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A point mutation is responsible for the acquisition of transforming properties by the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene

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DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA

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Adenovirus early region 1A enables viral and cellular transforming genes to transform primary cells in culture

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RAF/RAS oncogenes and mismatch-repair status

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A Cytoplasmic Protein Stimulates Normal N- <i>ras</i> p21 GTPase, But Does Not Affect Oncogenic Mutants

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Association of Sos Ras exchange protein with Grb2 is implicated in tyrosine kinase signal transduction and transformation

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Somatic activation of the K-ras oncogene causes early onset lung cancer in mice

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The neurofibromatosis type 1 gene encodes a protein related to GAP

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A major segment of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene: cDNA sequence, genomic structure, and point mutations

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Deletions and a translocation interrupt a cloned gene at the neurofibromatosis type 1 locus

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Increasing complexity of Ras signaling

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Epidermal growth factor regulates p21ras through the formation of a complex of receptor, Grb2 adapter protein, and Sos nucleotide exchange factor

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Role of Phosphoinositide 3-OH Kinase in Cell Transformation and Control of the Actin Cytoskeleton by Ras

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Molecular Switch for Signal Transduction: Structural Differences Between Active and Inactive Forms of Protooncogenic ras Proteins

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A polybasic domain or palmitoylation is required in addition to the CAAX motif to localize p21ras to the plasma membrane

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Matrix adhesion and Ras transformation both activate a phosphoinositide 3‐OH kinase and protein kinase B/Akt cellular survival pathway

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Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane

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The SH2 and SH3 domains of mammalian Grb2 couple the EGF receptor to the Ras activator mSos1

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Complete nucleotide sequences of the T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene and its normal homologue

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The GAP-related domain of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene product interacts with ras p21

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Activation of Raf as a Result of Recruitment to the Plasma Membrane

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Blockade of the MAP kinase pathway suppresses growth of colon tumors in vivo

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Complexes of Ras⋅GTP with Raf-1 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase

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Human EJ bladder carcinoma oncogene is homologue of Harvey sarcoma virus ras gene

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Guanine-nucleotide-releasing factor hSos1 binds to Grb2 and links receptor tyrosine kinases to Ras signalling

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ras mediates nerve growth factor receptor modulation of three signal-transducing protein kinases: MAP kinase, Raf-1, and RSK

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K- and N-Ras Are Geranylgeranylated in Cells Treated with Farnesyl Protein Transferase Inhibitors

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Structure of the guanine-nucleotide-binding domain of the Ha-ras oncogene product p21 in the triphosphate conformation

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An Acylation Cycle Regulates Localization and Activity of Palmitoylated Ras Isoforms

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Normal and oncogenic p21ras proteins bind to the amino-terminal regulatory domain of c-Raf-1

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p21ras is modified by a farnesyl isoprenoid.

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The NF1 locus encodes a protein functionally related to mammalian GAP and yeast IRA proteins.

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Requirement for ras proto-oncogene function during serum-stimulated growth of NIH 3T3 cells

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Inhibition of purified p21 farnesyl:protein transferase by Cys-AAX tetrapeptides

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Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Activation of the MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways

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The structural basis of the activation of Ras by Sos

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Endogenous oncogenic K-rasG12D stimulates proliferation and widespread neoplastic and developmental defects

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Transforming genes of human bladder and lung carcinoma cell lines are homologous to the ras genes of Harvey and Kirsten sarcoma viruses.

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Endomembrane Trafficking of Ras

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Reovirus Therapy of Tumors with Activated Ras Pathway

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Cell-cycle control of c-myc but not c-ras expression is lost following chemical transformation

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Induction of Membrane Ruffling and Fluid-Phase Pinocytosis in Quiescent Fibroblasts by <i>ras</i> Proteins

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Germline KRAS mutations cause Noonan syndrome

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Direct interaction of Ras and the amino-terminal region of Raf-1 in vitro

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Induction of mammary carcinomas in rats by nitroso-methylurea involves malignant activation of H-ras-1 locus by single point mutations

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Activation of the T24 bladder carcinoma transforming gene is linked to a single amino acid change

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Comparative biochemical properties of normal and activated human ras p21 protein

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PKB/Akt: connecting phosphoinositide 3-kinase to cell survival and beyond

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Ras Proteins Induce Senescence by Altering the Intracellular Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species

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Activation of Rac1, RhoA, and mitogen-activated protein kinases is required for Ras transformation

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Multiple ras functions can contribute to mammalian cell transformation

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Cloning of bovine GAP and its interaction with oncogenic ras p21

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Targeted disruption of the neurofibromatosis type-1 gene leads to developmental abnormalities in heart and various neural crest-derived tissues.

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T24 human bladder carcinoma oncogene is an activated form of the normal human homologue of BALB- and Harvey-MSV transforming genes

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Germline gain-of-function mutations in SOS1 cause Noonan syndrome

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NF1 Tumor Suppressor Gene Function

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Ras signalling on the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi

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Binding of Ras to Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110α Is Required for Ras- Driven Tumorigenesis in Mice

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The p21 ras C-terminus is required for transformation and membrane association

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Intrinsic GTPase activity distinguishes normal and oncogenic ras p21 molecules.

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Germline Mutations in Genes Within the MAPK Pathway Cause Cardio-facio-cutaneous Syndrome

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Biological properties of human c-Ha-ras1 genes mutated at codon 12

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Grb2 mediates the EGF-dependent activation of guanine nucleotide exchange on Ras

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The molecular basis of viral oncolysis: usurpation of the Ras signaling pathway by reovirus

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Biological and biochemical properties of human rasH genes mutated at codon 61

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Inhibition of farnesyltransferase induces regression of mammary and salivary carcinomas in ras transgenic mice

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Isoprenoid addition to Ras protein is the critical modification for its membrane association and transforming activity.

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K-ras is an essential gene in the mouse with partial functional overlap with N-rasPreprint

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The product of ras is a GTPase and the T24 oncogenic mutant is deficient in this activity

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Requirement of NF-κB Activation to Suppress p53-Independent Apoptosis Induced by Oncogenic Ras

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Genetic and Pharmacological Suppression of Oncogenic Mutations in RAS Genes of Yeast and Humans

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Activation of the mouse cellular Harvey-ras gene in chemically induced benign skin papillomas

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Structure and activation of the human N-ras gene

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GTP-dependent segregation of H-ras from lipid rafts is required for biological activity

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Activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, ERK2, by p21ras oncoprotein.

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