Cited by 646Immune Response and InflammationTuberculosis Research and EpidemiologyImmune cells in cancer

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Toll-like receptor–induced arginase 1 in macrophages thwarts effective immunity against intracellular pathogens

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El Kasmi, Karim C, Qualls, Joseph E, Pesce, John T, Smith, Amber M, Thompson, Robert W, Henao-Tamayo, Marcela, Basaraba, Randall J, König, Till, Schleicher, Ulrike, Koo, Mi-Sun, Kaplan, Gilla, Fitzgerald, Katherine A, Tuomanen, Elaine I, Orme, Ian M, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Bogdan, Christian, Wynn, Thomas A, Murray, Peter J·2008·Nature Immunology

DOI 10.1038/ni.1671PMC PMC2584974

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Abstract

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in macrophages is required for antipathogen responses, including the biosynthesis of nitric oxide from arginine, and is essential for immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Toxoplasma gondii and other intracellular pathogens. Here we report a 'loophole' in the TLR pathway that is advantageous to these pathogens. Intracellular pathogens induced expression of the arginine hydrolytic enzyme arginase 1 (Arg1) in mouse macrophages through the TLR pathway. In contrast to diseases dominated by T helper type 2 responses in which Arg1 expression is greatly increased by interleukin 4 and 13 signaling through the transcription factor STAT6, TLR-mediated Arg1 induction was independent of the STAT6 pathway. Specific elimination of Arg1 in macrophages favored host survival during T. gondii infection and decreased lung bacterial load during tuberculosis infection.

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Alternative activation of macrophages
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“Although macrophage Arg1 expression is commonly linked to the hypothesized antiworm functions of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs”
Background
Nitric oxide and the immune response
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Background
Regulation of immune responses by L-arginine metabolism
Bronte, V., & Zanovello, P. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1668 · Cited by 1,775 · cited 1×
“Although macrophage Arg1 expression is commonly linked to the hypothesized antiworm functions of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs”
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Fibrotic disease and the TH1/TH2 paradigm
Wynn, T. A. (2004) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1412 · Cited by 1,765
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“TLR and interferon pathways synergistically trigger NO production by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms that enhance expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme responsible for NO production from arginine in macrophage”
Background
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BackgroundSelf-citation
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Background
Differential Control of Mincle-Dependent Cord Factor Recognition and Macrophage Responses by the Transcription Factors C/EBPβ and HIF1α
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“Reanalysis of the ARG1-FISH data and spatial plots showed that ARG1-FISH+ cells protein most likely responsible for ARG1 induction, as it has been reported to be a ligand for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 (38, 39) and because TLR activation has been associated with the induction of Arg1 mRNA expression (40).”
Background
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-mediated epigenetic modifications elicit myeloid-derived suppressor cell activation via STAT3/S100A8
Sido, J. M., Yang, X., Nagarkatti, P. S., & Nagarkatti, M. (2015) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1a1014-479r · Cited by 65
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“Generation of CAM/AAM has been postulated to be regulated by Th1/Th2 bias;(11,22,23,30,33,35) however, differential activation of macrophages can also occur in response to other factors, such as stimulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) by microbial products.(36,37) TLRs have been found to be critical for immune recog…”
Background
Characteristics of Infection Immunity Regulated by Toxoplasma gondii to Maintain Chronic Infection in the Brain
Hwang, Y. S., Shin, J., Yang, J., Jung, B.-K., Lee, S. H., & Shin, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00158 · Cited by 62
“Both mRNA and protein levels of the representative M2 marker CD206 were decreased simultaneously in cells infected with T. gondii strain ME49, as well as by antigen treatment (ME-TLA) as PAMPs.”
BackgroundInfluential
Induction of unique macrophage subset by simultaneous stimulation with LPS and IL-4
Ishida, K., Nagatake, T., Saika, A., Kawai, S., Node, E., Hosomi, K., & Kunisawa, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111729 · Cited by 66
Arginine and polyamines in Helicobacter pylori-induced immune dysregulation and gastric carcinogenesis
Chaturvedi, R., de Sablet, T., Coburn, L. A., Gobert, A. P., & Wilson, K. T. (2011) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-011-1038-4 · Cited by 64
“NO Nitric oxide iNOS Inducible NO synthase L-Arg L-Arginine Arg1 Arginase I Arg2 Arginase II ODC Ornithine decarboxylase PAO1 Polyamine oxidase 1 SMO Spermine oxidase H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide ROS Reactive oxygen species BEC S-(2-Boronoethyl)-L-cysteine siRNA Small interfering RNA R. Chaturvedi T. de Sablet L. A. Coburn…”
BackgroundInfluential
Cytokines in the Balance of Protection and Pathology During Mycobacterial Infections
Torrado, E., & Cooper, A. M. (2013) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6111-1_7 · Cited by 65
“which competes with iNOS for the same substrate, arginine, and impairs the production of nitric oxide (85).”
Background
Growth Factor and Th2 Cytokine Signaling Pathways Converge at STAT6 to Promote Arginase Expression in Progressive Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis
Osorio, E. Y., Travi, B. L., da Cruz, A. M., Saldarriaga, Ó. A., Medina-Colorado, A. A., & Melby, P. C. (2014) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004165 · Cited by 61
“M2-like macrophages and arginase have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis [19–23] and infections with other intracellular pathogens [24–27].”
Background
Inflammatory monocytes are detrimental to the host immune response during acute infection with Cryptococcus neoformans
Heung, L. J., & Hohl, T. M. (2019) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007627 · Cited by 64
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pknE, a serine/threonine kinase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates multiple apoptotic paradigms
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“This finding is similar to an earlier report in M. tuberculosis that showed increased arginase1 to support intra-cellular survival (El Kasmi et al., 2008).”
Result
Leishmania mexicana promastigotes inhibit macrophage IL-12 production via TLR-4 dependent COX-2, iNOS and arginase-1 expression
Shweash, M., McGachy, H. A., Schroeder, J., Neamatallah, T., Bryant, C. E., Millington, O. R., Mottram, J. C., Alexander, J. K., & Plevin, R. J. (2011) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2011.05.013 · Cited by 60
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“C/EBPβ is responsible for Arg1 expression in response to TLR ligands, whereas STAT6 regulates Arg1 expression in response to IL-4 and/or IL-13 stimulation [8, 47].”
A Trypanosoma brucei Kinesin Heavy Chain Promotes Parasite Growth by Triggering Host Arginase Activity
Muylder, G. D., Daulouède, S., Lecordier, L., Uzureau, P., Morias, Y., Abbeele, J. V. D., Caljon, G., Hérin, M., Holzmüller, P., Semballa, S., et al. (2013) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003731 · Cited by 59
“lacking arginase-1 in myeloid cells/macrophages following a cross between Arg1 loxP-targeted mice and LysM or Tie2 deleter mice [21], WT parasitaemia dropped to that of TbKHC1 KO”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Macrophage heterogeneity and energy metabolism
Verdeguer, F., & Aouadi, M. (2017) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.043 · Cited by 58
Roles of M1 and M2 Macrophages in Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infectivity
Lee, D. H., & Ghiasi, H. (2017) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00578-17 · Cited by 63
“macrophages have bactericidal potential (98, 99), whereas M2 macrophages promote antiparasitic 459 functions as well as tissue repair and remodeling (100).”
Pyrroloquinoline quinone prevents developmental programming of microbial dysbiosis and macrophage polarization to attenuate liver fibrosis in offspring of obese mice
Friedman, J. E., Dobrinskikh, E., Garcia, A. A., Fast, A., Janssen, R. C., Soderborg, T. K., Anderson, A. L., Reisz, J. A., D’Alessandro, A., Frank, D. N., et al. (2018) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.1139 · Cited by 58
“Nitrites were measured as described, using the Griess reagent.((26))”
Method
M1 and M2 macrophages differentially regulate hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and ex vivo expansion
Luo, Y., Shao, L., Chang, J., Feng, W., Liu, Y. L., Cottler‐Fox, M., Emanuel, P. D., Hauer‐Jensen, M., Bernstein, I. D., Liu, L., et al. (2018) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018015685 · Cited by 59
Self-citation
S-1-Propenylcysteine Promotes IL-10-Induced M2c Macrophage Polarization through Prolonged Activation of IL-10R/STAT3 Signaling
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“gondii can actively promote the arginase 1 pathway in macrophages to enhance pathogen survival (22).”
Background
IL ‐37 Expression is Upregulated in Patients with Tuberculosis and Induces Macrophages Towards an M2‐like Phenotype
Huang, Z. W., Gao, C., Chi, X., Hu, Y., Zheng, L., Zeng, T., & Wang, Q. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/sji.12326 · Cited by 58
Constitutive production of IL-13 promotes early-life Chlamydia respiratory infection and allergic airway disease
Starkey, M. R., Essilfie, A., Horvat, J. C., Kim, R., Nguyen, D. H., Beagley, K. W., Mattes, J. E., Foster, P. S., & Hansbro, P. M. (2012) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2012.99 · Cited by 57
“IL-13 promotes the expression of AAM genes in the lung during Chlamydia respiratory infection IL-13 drives the development of AAMs, which contribute to the Th2 cytokine milieu and impair immune responses to intracellular pathogens.(24,25,31) Thus, we investigated the impact of Chlamydia respiratory infection on the ex…”
Background
The Toxoplasma gondii virulence factor ROP16 acts in cis and trans, and suppresses T cell responses
Chen, L., Christian, D. A., Kochanowsky, J. A., Phan, A. T., Clark, J. T., Wang, S., Berry, C. T., Oh, J. Y., Chen, X., Roos, D. S., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20181757 · Cited by 57
Identification of Reduced Host Transcriptomic Signatures for Tuberculosis Disease and Digital PCR-Based Validation and Quantification
Gliddon, H. D., Kaforou, M., Alikian, M., Habgood-Coote, D., Zhou, C., Oni, T., Anderson, S. T. B., Brent, A., Crampin, A. C., Eley, B., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.637164 · Cited by 53
“Little is known about the function of TMCC1 in TB pathogenesis, but expression of ARG1 is induced by toll-like receptor signaling in macrophages (39).”
Background
Loss of CD4+ T cell-intrinsic arginase 1 accelerates Th1 response kinetics and reduces lung pathology during influenza infection
West, E. E., Merle, N. S., Kamiński, M. M., Palacios, G. F., Kumar, D., Wang, L., Bibby, J. A., Overdahl, K. E., Jarmusch, A. K., Freeley, S. J., et al. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.014 · Cited by 57
Human recombinant arginase enzyme reduces plasma arginine in mouse models of arginase deficiency
Burrage, L. C., Sun, Q., Elsea, S. H., Jiang, M., Nagamani, S. C. S., Frankel, A. E., Stone, E. M., Alters, S. E., Johnson, D. E., Rowlinson, S. W., et al. (2015) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddv352 · Cited by 56
“129-Gt(ROSA)26Sor/J; Cre+) to generate an inducible adult mouse model of arginase deficiency (27,28,40,41).”
Method
Progressive Visceral Leishmaniasis Is Driven by Dominant Parasite-induced STAT6 Activation and STAT6-dependent Host Arginase 1 Expression
Osorio, E. Y., Zhao, W., Espitia, C. M., Saldarriaga, Ó. A., Hawel, L., Byus, C. V., Travi, B. L., & Melby, P. C. (2012) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002417 · Cited by 56
“In addition, Toxoplasma gondii was found to activate STAT6 directly [103], and induce arginase through TLR-dependent, but STAT6independent pathway [104].”
Background
Arginase-1 expression in granulomas of tuberculosis patients: Figure 1
Pessanha, A. P., Martins, R. A. P., Mattos‐Guaraldi, A. L., Vianna, A. R. D. C. B., & Moreira, L. O. (2012) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2012.01012.x · Cited by 56
“In addition, Mtb may increase the expression of Arg1, leading to competition with iNOS for its substrate (L-arginine) and drastic reduction in NO production (El Kasmi et al., 2008; Qualls et al., 2010).”
BackgroundInfluential
Differential and Site Specific Impact of B Cells in the Protective Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the Mouse
Torrado, E., Fountain, J. J., Robinson, R., Martino, C. A., Pearl, J. E., Rangel‐Moreno, J., Tighe, M. P., Dunn, R., & Cooper, A. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061681 · Cited by 57
“The current understanding in the field is that while IL-10 does not compromise the initiation of the T cell response it reduces its efficacy by inducing arginase expression in activated macrophages, which in turn reduces the available Larginine for nitric oxide production [47,48,49].”
Background
RBP-J is required for M2 macrophage polarization in response to chitin and mediates expression of a subset of M2 genes
Foldi, J., Shang, Y., Zhao, B., Ivashkiv, L. B., & Hu, X. (2016) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1007/s13238-016-0248-7 · Cited by 57
“It has been previously established that the Arg1 gene expression is controlled by several transcription factors such as STAT6 and CAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) (Chawla et al., 2011; El Kasmi et al., 2008).”
Background
The metabolic axis of macrophage and immune cell polarization
Hobson-Gutierrez, S., & Carmona‐Fontaine, C. (2018) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.034462 · Cited by 57
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RELMα-expressing macrophages protect against fatal lung damage and reduce parasite burden during helminth infection
Krljanac, B., Schubart, C., Naumann, R., Wirtz, S. J., Culemann, S., Krönke, G., & Voehringer, D. (2019) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.aau3814 · Cited by 55
Two-Photon, Ratiometric, Quantitative Fluorescent Probe Reveals Fluctuation of Peroxynitrite Regulated by Arginase 1
Chen, S., Vurusaner, B., Pena, S., Thu, C. T., Mahal, L. K., Fisher, E. A. A., & Canary, J. W. (2021) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00911 · Cited by 54
Retinoic acid promotes the development of Arg1‐expressing dendritic cells for the regulation of T‐cell differentiation
Chang, J., Thangamani, S., Kim, M. H., Ulrich, B. J., Morris, S. M., & Kim, C. H. (2013) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201242772 · Cited by 54
Macrophages expressing arginase 1 and nitric oxide synthase 2 accumulate in the small intestine during Giardia lamblia infection
Maloney, J. G., Keselman, A. M., Li, E., & Singer, S. M. (2015) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2015.03.006 · Cited by 54
Arginine Transport Is Impaired in C57Bl/6 Mouse Macrophages as a Result of a Deletion in the Promoter of Slc7a2 (CAT2), and Susceptibility to Leishmania Infection Is Reduced
Sans-Fons, M. G., Yeramian, A., Pereira‐Lopes, S., Santamaria‐Babí, L. F., Modolell, M., Lloberas, J., & Celada, A. (2013) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jit084 · Cited by 54
“To evade immune responses, some pathogens generate their own arginases [10, 27, 28] or induce arginase expression in the host [29, 30].”
Background
Sustained Arginase 1 Expression Modulates Pathological Tau Deposits in a Mouse Model of Tauopathy
Hunt, J. B., Nash, K. R., Placides, D. S., Moran, P., Selenica, M. B., Abuqalbeen, F., Ratnasamy, K., Slouha, N., Ospina, S. R., Savlia, M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3959-14.2015 · Cited by 57
“Conditional cre-recombinase Arg1 knock-out were purchased from Jackson Laboratories (El Kasmi et al., 2008).”
Background
The Ontogeny and Microenvironmental Regulation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Movahedi, K., & Ginderachter, J. A. V. (2016) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2016.6704 · Cited by 53
Immunometabolism of Phagocytes and Relationships to Cardiac Repair
Zhang, S., Bories, G. F. P., Lantz, C. W., Emmons, R., Becker, A., Liu, E., Abecassis, M. M., Yvan‐Charvet, L., & Thorp, E. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2019.00042 · Cited by 54
Endogenous prostaglandin E2 potentiates anti‐inflammatory phenotype of macrophage through the CREB‐C/EBP‐β cascade
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Genome wide transcriptome profiling of a murine acute melioidosis model reveals new insights into how Burkholderia pseudomallei overcomes host innate immunity
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“Arginase 1 and arginase 2 have been reported to compete with NO syntheses for their common substrate, arginine, and prevent NO production in the M. tuberculosis infected bone-marrow derived macrophages as well asSalmonella infected RAW264.7 macrophages [ 44-46 ].”
Background
Leishmania proteophosphoglycans regurgitated from infected sand flies accelerate dermal wound repair and exacerbate leishmaniasis via insulin-like growth factor 1-dependent signalling
Giraud, É., Leštinová, T., Derrick, T. R., Martín, O., Dillon, R. J., Volf, P., Müller, I., Bates, P. A., & Rogers, M. E. (2018) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006794 · Cited by 51
Neuroblastoma Formation Requires Unconventional CD4 T Cells and Arginase-1–Dependent Myeloid Cells
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“The use of Tie2-Cre is also necessary to achieve complete deletion of the conditional Arg1 locus, as the commonly used LysM-Cre ( Lyz2 -Cre) strain provides incomplete deletion (61).”
Self-citation
PSORI-CM02 formula alleviates imiquimod-induced psoriasis via affecting macrophage infiltration and polarization
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“A control of L. monocytogenes infection requires an activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and a functional MyD88 pathway which leads to the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF and IL-12 (Tripp et al., 1993).”
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Perspectives and Advances in the Understanding of Tuberculosis
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Emerging Trends in the Formation and Function of Tuberculosis Granulomas
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Background
IgE Mediates Killing of Intracellular Toxoplasma gondii by Human Macrophages through CD23-Dependent, Interleukin-10 Sensitive Pathway
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Chitin particles induce size-dependent but carbohydrate-independent innate eosinophilia
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C/EBPβ regulates the M2 transcriptome in β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages
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“Although Arg1 expression can also be upregulated in M1 macrophages [16], TAMs in several cancer types often exhibit M2-like properties [17].”
Background
Macrophage autophagy deficiency-induced CEBPB accumulation alleviates atopic dermatitis via impairing M2 polarization
Zhu, Y., Liu, Y., Ma, Y., Chen, L., Huang, H., Huang, S., Zhang, H., He, Y., Tan, C., He, Y., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113430 · Cited by 47
Differential Requirements for l -Citrulline and l -Arginine during Antimycobacterial Macrophage Activity
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“In all experiments, initial culture in L-arginine containing C-DMEM did not result in appreciable amounts of extracellular or intracellular L-arginine or L-citrulline after reconstituting with R-free C-DMEM (data not shown), so this method was used to conform to previously published methods (19, 20, 22).”
MethodSelf-citation
Host-Directed Therapy in Tuberculosis: Targeting Host Metabolism
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“Mtb-infected Arg1 conditional gene-deleted mice were characterized with a diminished bacterial burden; Arg1-deficient macrophages were more capable of killingMtb compared to their wild-type counterparts (86).”
Background
Melanoma-initiating cells exploit M2 macrophage TGFβ and arginase pathway for survival and proliferation
Tham, M., Tan, K. W., Keeble, J., Wang, X., Hubert, S., Barron, L., Tan, N. S., Kato, M., Prévost‐Blondel, A., Angeli, V., et al. (2014) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.2482 · Cited by 46
“Smad3KO mice [56], Arg1fl/ fl; LysMcre mice and Arg1fl/fl; Tie2cre mice [34] were generated as described.”
6-Gingerol as an arginase inhibitor prevents urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis by reprogramming tumor supporting M2 macrophages to M1 phenotype
Yao, J., Du, Z., Li, Z., Zhang, S., Lin, Y., Li, H., Zhou, L., Wang, Y., Yan, G., Wu, X., et al. (2018) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c8fo01147h · Cited by 43
Hypusination Orchestrates the Antimicrobial Response of Macrophages
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Reprogramming Immune Cells for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy: Targets and Strategies
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“As Toll-like receptors (TLRs) act a critical role in innate immune response and polarize macrophages into a pro-inflammatory subtype, studies investigate different ligands to change the subtype of TAMs to an antitumoral one (110).”
Background
Genetic Diversity of Toll-Like Receptors and Immunity toM. lepraeInfection
Hart, B. E., & Tapping, R. I. (2012) · Journal of Tropical Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/415057 · Cited by 43
“A recent study has linked these observations to mycobacterial pathogenesis by showing that stimulation of primary mouse macrophages with BCG upregulates levels of both arginase-1 mRNA and protein [72].”
BackgroundInfluential
Editorial: Switching on arginase in M2 macrophages
Briken, V., & Mosser, D. M. (2011) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0411203 · Cited by 44
Biochemistry, pharmacology, and in vivo function of arginases
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Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Mediates Expression of Arginase II but Not Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophages
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“Arginase versus iNOS in Macrophage Phenotype—In terms of the biological function of arginase induction in activated macrophages, most studies have examined the role of arginase in the regulation of iNOS-derived NO production via substrate limitation to iNOS (6, 28, 29) or via translational regulation (9).”
Background
Phenolic Compounds as Arginase Inhibitors: New Insights Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction Treatment
Minozzo, B. R., Fernandes, D., & Beltrame, F. L. (2018) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-0044-100398 · Cited by 42
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Background
L-arginine uptake by cationic amino acid transporter 2 is essential for colonic epithelial cell restitution
Singh, K., Coburn, L. A., Barry, D. P., Boucher, J., Chaturvedi, R., & Wilson, K. T. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00544.2011 · Cited by 41
“However, floxed Arg1 mice have been described (20) so that future studies could be conducted in mice with colonic epithelial specific knockout of Arg1.”
Background
Augmentation of arginase 1 expression by exposure to air pollution exacerbates the airways hyperresponsiveness in murine models of asthma
North, M. L., Amatullah, H., Khanna, N., Urch, B., Grasemann, H., Silverman, F., & Scott, J. A. (2011) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/1465-9921-12-19 · Cited by 41
“Alternatively, toll-like receptors, the hallmark regulators of the innate immune response to bacterial, viral, and parasitic components, have recently been shown to upregulate arginase 1 via an alternative promoter region [48].”
Background
Pathogenic Mycobacterium bovis strains differ in their ability to modulate the proinflammatory activation phenotype of macrophages
de Andrade, M. R. M., Amaral, E. P., Ribeiro, S. C. M., Almeida, F. M., Peres, T. V., Lanes, V. R., Lima, M. R. D., & Lasunskaia, E. (2012) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-12-166 · Cited by 41
“In previous study [22], induction of Arg-1 expression in MΦ by attenuated Mbv strain BCG was found to be essential for reduction of NO production, through the arginine substrate depletion mechanism, leading to promotion of the intracellular survival of these mycobacteria.”
Deletion of Hyaluronan Synthase 3 Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia in Mice
Kiene, L. S., Homann, S., Suvorava, T., Rabausch, B., Müller, J., Kojda, G., Kretschmer, I., Twarock, S., Dai, G., Deenen, R., et al. (2016) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.115.306607 · Cited by 41
Multi-Omics Studies Demonstrate Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Metabolic Reprogramming of Murine Dendritic Cells
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Pathogens MenTORing Macrophages and Dendritic Cells: Manipulation of mTOR and Cellular Metabolism to Promote Immune Escape
Nouwen, L. V., & Everts, B. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9010161 · Cited by 43
Inhibition profile of Leishmania mexicana arginase reveals differences with human arginase I
Riley, E., Roberts, S. C., & Ullman, B. (2011) · International Journal for Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.12.006 · Cited by 41
“The hypothesis that inhibition of host parasite ARG alone is insufficient to prevent Leishmania infections can presumably be tested in recently developed mice strains in which the ARGI gene has been specifically eliminated in murine macrophages by gene targeting strategies (El Kasmi et al., 2008).”
Background
Myeloid-mesenchymal crosstalk drives ARG1-dependent profibrotic metabolism via ornithine in lung fibrosis
Yadav, P., Ortega, J. G., Dabral, P., Tamaki, W., Chien, C., Chang, K.-C., Biswas, N., Pan, S., Nilsson, J., Yin, X., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci188734 · Cited by 40
Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and inflammation: from fundamental biology to clinic insights
Qian, C., Cao, X., & Hoffmann, J. A. (2026) · Immunity & Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s44466-026-00040-6 · Cited by 43
Transgenic CCL2 Expression in the Central Nervous System Results in a Dysregulated Immune Response and Enhanced Lethality after Coronavirus Infection
Trujillo, J., Fleming, E., & Perlman, S. M. (2012) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.03089-12 · Cited by 40
“effective immunity against certain intracellular infections and tumors (38, 39).”
Background
Abrogation of IL-4 receptor-α-dependent alternatively activated macrophages is sufficient to confer resistance against pulmonary cryptococcosis despite an ongoing Th2 response
Müller, U., Stenzel, W., Piehler, D., Grahnert, A., Protschka, M., Köhler, G., Frey, O., Held, J., Richter, T., Eschke, M., et al. (2013) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxt003 · Cited by 40
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Neuregulin Receptor Degradation Protein 1 (Nrdp1) Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization by Ubiquitinating and Activating Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein β (C/EBPβ)
Ye, S., Xu, H., Jin, J., Yang, M., Wang, C., Yu, Y., & Cao, X. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.383265 · Cited by 39
“(29) demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced expression of Arg1 in macrophages depends on C/EBP signaling but is independent of the STAT6 signaling, and Mycobacteriuminduced IL-6, IL-10, and G-CSF production accounts for the increased Arg1 expression in an autocrine-paracrine manner by activating the STAT…”
Result
Retracted
Expression of Arginase I in Myeloid Cells Limits Control of Residual Disease after Radiation Therapy of Tumors in Mice
Crittenden, M. R., Savage, T., Cottam, B., Baird, J. R., Rodrı́guez, P. C., Newell, P., Young, K. H., Jackson, A. M., & Gough, M. J. (2014) · Radiation Research · doi:10.1667/rr13493.1 · Cited by 41
Expression of IL‐10‐triggered STAT3‐dependent IL‐4Rα is required for induction of arginase 1 in visceral leishmaniasis
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Arginase‐1‐expressing macrophages are dispensable for resistance to infection with the gastrointestinal helminth Trichuris muris
Bowcutt, R., BELL, L. V., Little, M. C., WILSON, J., Booth, C. E., Murray, P. J., Else, K. J., & Cruickshank, S. M. (2011) · Parasite Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01300.x · Cited by 39
Self-citation
The Physiology and Genetics of Oxidative Stress in Mycobacteria
Cumming, B. M., Lamprecht, D. A., Wells, R. M., Saini, V., Mazorodze, J. H., & Steyn, A. J. C. (2014) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.mgm2-0019-2013 · Cited by 42
“Virulence studies in mice with Arg-1-de ﬁ cient macrophages produced higher NO levels and resulted in decreased lung bacterial loads of M. tuberculosis (70).”
Background
Impaired Pulmonary Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Association With Disease Severity and Delayed Mycobacterial Clearance With Treatment
Ralph, A. P., Yeo, T. W., Salome, C. M., Waramori, G., Pontororing, G. J., Kenangalem, E., Sandjaja, Tjitra, E., Lumb, R., Maguire, G. P., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jit248 · Cited by 38
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Background
RETRACTED: l-Arginine Uptake by Cationic Amino Acid Transporter Promotes Intra-Macrophage Survival of Leishmania donovani by Enhancing Arginase-Mediated Polyamine Synthesis
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“It is reported that to evade immune responses, some pathogens induce arginase expression in the host (75, 76) and that high level of arginase production blocks the immune response by local depletion of l-arginine (77).”
Background
Retracted
Cardiovascular adaptation to hypoxia and the role of peripheral resistance
Cowburn, A., Macías, D., Summers, C., Chilvers, E., & Johnson, R. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.28755 · Cited by 33
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Manipulation of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System by Mycobacterium tuberculosisPreprint
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“…evidence supporting the ability of M. tuberculosis to influence and take advantage of the metabolic state of the host cell (McKinney et al. 2000; El Kasmi et al. 2008; Gallardo-Soler et al. 2008; Pandey and Sassetti 2008; Daniel et al. 2011; Mahajan et al. 2012; Gouzy et al. 2013; Marrero et al.…”
Background
Arginase activity in alternatively activated macrophages protects PI3Kp110δ deficient mice from dextran sodium sulfate induced intestinal inflammation
Weisser, S. B., Kozicky, L. K., Brugger, H. K., Ngoh, E. N., Cheung, B. S., Jen, R., Menzies, S. C., Samarakoon, A., Murray, P. J., Lim, C. J., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201343981 · Cited by 38
Self-citation

Authors: El Kasmi, K. C., Qualls, J. E., Pesce, J. T., Smith, A. M., Thompson, R. W., Henao-Tamayo, M., Basaraba, R. J., König, T., Schleicher, U., Koo, M.-S., Kaplan, G., Fitzgerald, K. A., Tuomanen, E. I., Orme, I. M., Kanneganti, T.-D., Bogdan, C., Wynn, T. A., & Murray, P. J.
Affiliations: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Colorado State University (US)
University Medical Center Freiburg (DE)
Universitätsklinikum Erlangen (DE)
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (US)
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
Corresponding author: Wynn, Thomas A
Murray, Peter J
ORCID: Qualls, Joseph E
Smith, Amber M
Henao-Tamayo, Marcela
Basaraba, Randall J
Schleicher, Ulrike
Fitzgerald, Katherine A
Tuomanen, Elaine I
Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi
Bogdan, Christian
Wynn, Thomas A
Murray, Peter J
Venue: Nature Immunology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2008-11-02
Volume: 9
Issue: 12
Pages: 1399-1406
ISSN: 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
1529-2916
DOI: 10.1038/ni.1671
PMC: PMC2584974
OpenAlex: W2038461328
Cited by: 646
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 13.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Cancer Institute (P30CA021765)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI27913, R01AI027913, AI062921, R01AI066046, AI66046, R01AI062921)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords: arginase-1, Toll-like receptor signaling, macrophages, intracellular pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Toxoplasma gondii, nitric oxide, STAT6, host-pathogen interaction, tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, lung bacterial load
MeSH terms: Animals, Arginase, Bacterial Infections, Immunohistochemistry, Macrophages, Immunoblotting, Mice, Knockout, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta, STAT6 Transcription Factor, Toll-Like Receptors, Mice, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88

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Toll-like receptor–induced arginase 1 in macrophages thwarts effective immunity against intracellular pathogens

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