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Restraint of inflammatory signaling by interdependent strata of negative regulatory pathways
Open accessAbstract
Activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and related pathways by microbial products drives inflammatory responses, host-defense pathways and adaptive immunity. The cost of excessive inflammation is cell and tissue damage, an underlying cause of many acute and chronic diseases. Coincident with activation of TLR signaling, a plethora of anti-inflammatory pathways and mechanisms begin to modulate inflammation until tissue repair is complete. Whereas most studies have focused on the signaling components immediately downstream of the TLRs, this Review summarizes the different levels of anti-inflammatory pathways that have evolved to abate TLR signaling and how they are integrated to prevent cell and tissue destruction.
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“Expression of the M1 phenotype is regulated by transcription factors such as NF-κB, IRF-3, and IRF-5 [189,190,191].”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Murray, P. J., & Smale, S. T.
- Affiliations
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Murray, Peter J
- ORCID
- Murray, Peter J
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2012-09-18
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 916-924
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC4893774
- OpenAlex
- W2006283298
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 1.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Hartwell Foundation
- National Cancer Institute (P 30CA 21765, R01CA127279, P30CA021765)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM086372)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI073868)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Keywords
- Toll-like receptor signaling, anti-inflammatory pathways, negative regulation of inflammation, inflammatory signaling, host defense, tissue damage, tissue repair, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, microbial products
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Transcription, Genetic, Wound Healing, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-10, Toll-Like Receptors
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