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E3 ubiquitin ligases as T cell anergy factors
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases have emerged as key molecular regulators of immune cell function. Three families of proteins with ubiquitin ligase activity have been described (the HECT, RING and U-box proteins), and each may be involved in the regulation of immune responses during infection by targeting specific inhibitory molecules for proteolytic destruction. Several HECT and RING E3 proteins have now also been linked to the induction and maintenance of immune self-tolerance: c-Cbl, Cbl-b, GRAIL, Itch and Nedd4 each negatively regulate T cell growth factor production and proliferation. This review will discuss the relationship between the ubiquitination of select components of the antigen-sensing signaling apparatus in T cells and the development and maintenance of the clonal anergy state.
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“The E3 ubiquiting ligase family can affect PI3K, mTOR, and Ras/MAPK signaling pathways and help to actively maintain anergy [21,23,24].”
From T cell anergy, exhaustion, senescence, and stemness in the tumor microenvironment (2013) · cites this paper as [24]
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Melino, G., Gallagher, E. D., Aqeilan, R. I., Knight, R. A., Peschiaroli, A., Rossi, M., Scialpi, F., Malatesta, M., Zocchi, L., Browne, G. J., et al. (2008) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2008.60 · Cited by 168
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“High expression of these E3 ubiquitin ligases is related to the absence of the expression of the effector-specific transcription factors (56, 57).”
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“To gain insight into the suppressive mechanism, we did the following: 1) revisited the role of suppressive cytokines and IL-2 consumption, and 2) examined the transcription of various inhibitors of TCR signaling that have been linked to T cell anergy or suppression of IL-2 gene transcription in the steady state (15, 1…”
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“Notably, except for JunB, these targets can also be ubiquitinated by Nedd4, which suggests that Itch and Nedd4 might function similarl”
BackgroundNeurotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate to Hippocampal Cells in Adult Mice
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“Among which, Herc5, a proteins with a HECT domain thought to act as E3 protein ligase for ubiquitin [17], was found down-regulated.”
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BackgroundMolecular mechanisms of T‐cell tolerance
Nurieva, R., Liu, X., & Dong, C. (2011) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01012.x · Cited by 92
“In recent years, the E3 ubiquitin ligases (Cblb, Itch, and GRAIL) have been acknowledged as key molecules implicated in T-cell activation and tolerance (7, 8, 45).”
BackgroundThe ROQUIN family of proteins localizes to stress granules via the ROQ domain and binds target mRNAs
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Global Analysis of O-GlcNAc Glycoproteins in Activated Human T Cells
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Allosteric auto‐inhibition and activation of the Nedd4 family E3 ligase Itch
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Negative signaling contributes to T-cell anergy in trauma patients
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“TCR ligation must increase activating kinases above the preexisting c-Cbl levels to produce T-cell proliferation (16, 17, 23).”
BackgroundInfluentialNFAT transcription factors in control of peripheral T cell tolerance
Serfling, E., Klein‐Hessling, S., Palmetshofer, A., Bopp, T., Stassen, M., & Schmitt, E. (2006) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200536618 · Cited by 67
Mini ReviewNegative regulation of PTK signalling by Cbl proteins
Thien, C. B. F., & Langdon, W. Y. (2005) · Growth Factors · doi:10.1080/08977190500153763 · Cited by 67
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“…E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog (Itch), and the gene related to anergy in lymphocytes (GRAIL) (Anandasabapathy et al., 2003; Heissmeyer et al., 2004; Jeon et al., 2004), with a role in the downregulation of TCR signaling by inactivation or degradation of signaling molecules (Mueller, 2004).”
Zinzow-Kramer, W. M., Weiss, A., & Au‐Yeung, B. B. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1904096116 · Cited by 63
“In several model systems, expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as Grail and Cbl-b, is elevated in anergic T cells and suppress TCR signal transduction (28).”
BackgroundUbiquitinylation of Igβ Dictates the Endocytic Fate of the B Cell Antigen Receptor
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“Of the over 100 E3 ligases that have been identified (17), most can be classified into two families based on shared catalytic domains: the homologous to the E6-associated protein C terminus (HECT) and really interesting new gene (RING) families.”
BackgroundThe induction and maintenance of T cell anergy
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“Although Cbl has been shown to regulate T cell functions via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity (29, 32, 33), this is the first report that FAK is degraded through the Cbl-dependent proteasomal pathway.”
BackgroundGRAIL: a unique mediator of CD4 T‐lymphocyte unresponsiveness
Whiting, C. C., Su, L., Lin, J. T., & Fathman, C. G. (2010) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07922.x · Cited by 60
“Three ubiquitin-protein ligases, Cbl-b, Itch, and GRAIL have been demonstrated to play a functional role in T cell anergy [1,3,10-13].”
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“Even though our current understanding on how these different E3 ligases interact and/or cooperate in the regulation of immunotolerance is limited, the vast genetic and biochemical research carried out in the past few years has clearly placed protein ubiquitylation as a novel key process that regulates peripheral immun…”
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“Proteins involved in ubiquitinylation play an important role in the regulation of T-cell anergy”
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“Whereas early molecular research into clonal T cell anergy suggested defects in signaling proteins and transcription factors, the role of protein stability controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in anergy induction and peripheral tolerance has recently been investigated (3, 4).”
BackgroundActivation-induced non-responsiveness (anergy) limits CD8 T cell responses to tumors
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“Several E3 ubiquitin ligases have been implicated as acting as repressors that can limit IL-2 production and proliferation of CD4 T cells by altering components of the TCR/CD28 signaling pathways (reviewed in [42]).”
BackgroundGoliath family E3 ligases regulate the recycling endosome pathway via VAMP3 ubiquitylation
Yamazaki, Y., Schönherr, C., Varshney, G. K., Dogru, M., Hallberg, B., & Palmer, R. H. (2013) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2013.1 · Cited by 55
“Most functional information comes from studies of mammalian GRAIL/RNF128, which plays a role in immune tolerance (Mueller, 2004).”
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“In addition, EGR2 regulates the development and activation of T lymphocytes in mice (32).”
BackgroundUSP38 critically promotes asthmatic pathogenesis by stabilizing JunB protein
Chen, S., Yun, F., Yao, Y., Cao, M., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Song, X., & Qian, Y. (2018) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20172026 · Cited by 49
“Some E3 ubiquitin ligases, including Cbl family, GRA IL, and Itch, play critical roles in T cell anergy and tolerance by regulating ubiquitination and degradation of key TCR signaling components (Heissmeyer et al., 2004; Mueller, 2004; Nurieva et al., 2010; Venuprasad, 2010).”
Shamim, M. H., Nanjappa, S. G., Singh, A., Plisch, E. H., LeBlanc, S. E., Walent, J. H., Svaren, J. P., Seroogy, C. M., & Suresh, M. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.179.11.7233 · Cited by 48
Lin, J. T., Lineberry, N. B., Kattah, M. G., Su, L., Utz, P. J., Fathman, C. G., & Wu, L. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0803986 · Cited by 48
Zhao, Y., Guo, H., Qiao, G., Zucker, M., Langdon, W. Y., & Zhang, J. (2015) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1402434 · Cited by 47
The functions and regulation of Otubains in protein homeostasis and diseases
Zhu, Q., Fu, Y., Li, L., Liu, C. H., & Zhang, L. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101303 · Cited by 46
Ubiquitination system and autoimmunity: The bridge towards the modulation of the immune response
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ZAP70, too little, too much can lead to autoimmunity*
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Integrating human omics data to prioritize candidate genes
Chen, Y., Wu, X., & Jiang, R. (2013) · BMC Medical Genomics · doi:10.1186/1755-8794-6-57 · Cited by 42
“RNF128 encodes a type I transmembrane protein located in the endocytic pathway and its expression significantly inhibited activation-induced IL4 and IL2 [61] that are involved in type I diabetes mellitus pathway (KEGG: hsa04940).”
BackgroundRegulation of peripheral T cell tolerance by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b
Loeser, S., & Penninger, J. M. (2007) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.02.004 · Cited by 43
Immunology of β-Cell Destruction
Torre, D. L., & Lernmark, Å. (2010) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_24 · Cited by 43
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“Cbl-b and Itch, also members of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family, have also been linked to anergy (20, 21).”
BackgroundTranscriptional regulation of T cell tolerance
Bandyopadhyay, S., Soto-Nieves, N., & Macián, F. (2007) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.02.006 · Cited by 44
Cutting Edge: Requirement for TRAF6 in the Induction of T Cell Anergy
King, C. G., Buckler, J. L., Kobayashi, T., Hannah, J., Bassett, G., Kim, T. S., Pearce, E. L., Kim, G. G., Turka, L. A., & Choi, Y. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.1.34 · Cited by 41
RNF13: an emerging RING finger ubiquitin ligase important in cell proliferation
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“The expression of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 isoforms also known as thymopoetin, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, SAM and SH3 domain containing protein 1, and myelin and lymphocyte protein were also regulated and have been implicated in mammalian T-cell development [38–40].”
BackgroundCarpino, N., Chen, Y., Nassar, N. N., & Oh, H.-W. (2009) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.015 · Cited by 40
Ou, R., Zhang, M., Huang, L., & Moskophidis, D. (2008) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.01350-07 · Cited by 40
“E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as the Casitas B-cell lymphoma (Cbl) family of proteins (c-Cbl, Cbl-b, and Cbl-3), GRAIL, Itch, and Nedd4, are signaling adaptors and have been implicated in induction of T-cell tolerance by regulating the ubiquitination and degradation of downstream effectors of T-cell anergy (3, 5, 21, 30,…”
BackgroundMolecular basis for checkpoints in the CD8 T cell response: Tolerance versus activation
Mescher, M. F., Agarwal, P., Casey, K. A., Hammerbeck, C. D., Xiao, Z., & Curtsinger, J. (2007) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.02.007 · Cited by 41
“A role for degradation of components of the T cell signaling pathway in CD4 T cell anergy has also emerged from results showing that a number of E3 ubiquitin ligases have important roles in the induction and maintenance of anergy [71], as discussed elsewhere in this volume.”
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p85β phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulates CD28 coreceptor function
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SOCS-6 Negatively Regulates T Cell Activation through Targeting p56 to Proteasomal Degradation
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Lysosomal ubiquitin and the demise of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Purdy, G. E., & Russell, D. G. (2007) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01039.x · Cited by 35
“The data are compelling; however, given the pleotropic roles of E3 ubiquitin ligases in immune regulation, the suggestion of a direct effect remains speculative (Liu, 2004; Mueller, 2004).”
BackgroundMutation in ITCH Gene Can Cause Syndromic Multisystem Autoimmune Disease With Acute Liver Failure
Kleine-Eggebrecht, N., Staufner, C., Kathemann, S., Elgizouli, M., Kopajtich, R., Prokisch, H., & Lainka, E. (2019) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-1554 · Cited by 34
“Through different signaling pathways, ubiquitination plays an important role in immune regulation and controls T-cell responsiveness.(1,6) In Itch2/2 mice, elevated levels of circulating immunoglobulins, antinuclear antibodies, and lymphocytes could be verified, and several studies revealed that mouse mutations in Itc…”
BackgroundLewis, E. L., Xu, R., Beltra, J., Ngiow, S. F., Cohen, J. B., Telange, R., Crane, A., Sawinski, D. L., Wherry, E. J., & Porrett, P. M. (2021) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20201599 · Cited by 32
Adler, A. J. (2007) · Current Cancer Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/156800907780006931 · Cited by 33
Peripheral tolerance in CD8+ T cells
Srinivasan, M., & Frauwirth, K. A. (2009) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2009.01.010 · Cited by 32
Chapter 5 Dysregulation of T Cell Peripheral Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes
Tisch, R., & Wang, B. (2008) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)00805-5 · Cited by 33
Metadata
- Authors
- Mueller, D. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mueller, Daniel L
- ORCID
- Mueller, Daniel L
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2004-08-27
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 883-890
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- OpenAlex
- W2005935110
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01 GM54706, R01GM054706)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (P01AI50162, P01-AI 35296, P01AI050162, P01AI035296)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- E3 ubiquitin ligase, T cell anergy, HECT E3 ligases, RING E3 ligases, ubiquitination, self-tolerance, c-Cbl, Cbl-b, GRAIL, pruritus, NEDD4, T cell proliferation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, T-Lymphocytes, Signal Transduction, Self Tolerance, Clonal Anergy, Models, Immunological, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
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