Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 564

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles as synthetic vaccines for potent humoral and cellular immune responses

Open access
Moon, James J., Suh, Heikyung, Bershteyn, Anna, Stephan, Matthias T., Liu, Haipeng, Huang, Bonnie, Sohail, Mashaal, Luo, Samantha, Ho Um, Soong, Khant, Htet, Goodwin, Jessica T., Ramos, Jenelyn, Chiu, Wah, Irvine, Darrell J.·2011·Nature Materials

Abstract

Vaccines based on recombinant proteins avoid toxicity and anti-vector immunity associated with live vaccine (e.g., viral) vectors, but their immunogenicity is poor, particularly for CD8+ T-cell (CD8T) responses. Synthetic particles carrying antigens and adjuvant molecules have been developed to enhance subunit vaccines, but in general these materials have failed to elicit CD8T responses comparable to live vectors in preclinical animal models. Here, we describe interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles (ICMVs) formed by crosslinking headgroups of adjacent lipid bilayers within multilamellar vesicles. ICMVs stably entrapped protein antigens in the vesicle core and lipid-based immunostimulatory molecules in the vesicle walls under extracellular conditions, but exhibited rapid release in the presence of endolysosomal lipases. We found that these antigen/adjuvant-carrying ICMVs form an extremely potent whole-protein vaccine, eliciting endogenous T-cell and antibody responses comparable to the strongest vaccine vectors. These materials should enable a range of subunit vaccines and provide new possibilities for protein therapeutic delivery.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/nmat2960

Cites

4 of 4 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 4 references

Cited by

See all 564

Metadata

Authors
Moon, J. J., Suh, H., Bershteyn, A., Stephan, M. T., Liu, H., Huang, B., Sohail, M., Luo, S., Ho Um, S., Khant, H., Goodwin, J. T., Ramos, J., Chiu, W., & Irvine, D. J.
Venue
Nature Materials
Published
2011-02-20
Volume
10
Issue
3
Pages
243-251
ISSN
  • 1476-1122 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-4660
OpenAlex
W1553974197
Cited by
564
References
4
FWCI
14.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles as synthetic vaccines for potent humoral and cellular immune responses. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/nmat2960
The paper
Moon, J. J., Suh, H., Bershteyn, A., Stephan, M. T., Liu, H., Huang, B., Sohail, M., Luo, S., Ho Um, S., Khant, H., Goodwin, J. T., Ramos, J., Chiu, W., & Irvine, D. J. (2011). Interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles as synthetic vaccines for potent humoral and cellular immune responses. Nature Materials. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2960

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.