Nonlinear Interactions in an Organic Polariton Condensate
Abstract
Under the right conditions, cavity polaritons form a macroscopic condensate in the ground state. The fascinating nonlinear behaviour of this condensate is largely dictated by the strength of polariton-polariton interactions. In inorganic semiconductors, these result principally from the Coulomb interaction between Wannier-Mott excitons. Such interactions are considerably weaker for the tightly bound Frenkel excitons characteristic of organic semiconductors and were notably absent in the first reported demonstration of organic polariton lasing. In this work, we demonstrate the realization of an organic polariton condensate, at room temperature, in a microcavity containing a thin film of 2,7-bis[9,9-di(4-methylphenyl)-fluoren-2-yl]-9,9-di(4-methylphenyl)fluorene. On reaching threshold, we observe the spontaneous formation of a linearly polarized condensate, which exhibits a superlinear power dependence, long-range order and a power-dependent blueshift: a clear signature of Frenkel polariton interactions.
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Bose-Einstein condensation and polariton lasing are possible in microcavities, even at room temperature.
“The possibilities of achieving Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) [264-267] and polariton lasing [137,268-270], even at room temperature, are some of the current topics in the field of microcavity research.”
From Metal Oxide Thin Films for Advanced Photonic Applications (2026) · cites this paper as [266]
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Grant, R. T., Michetti, P., Musser, A. J., Gregoire, P., Virgili, T., Vella, E., Cavazzini, M., Georgiou, K., Galeotti, F., Clark, C., et al. (2016) · Advanced Optical Materials · doi:10.1002/adom.201600337 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
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Metal Oxide Thin Films for Advanced Photonic Applications
Stîngescu, M.-L., Șopronyi, M.-A., Antohe, Ș., & Scărișoreanu, N.-D. (2026) · Crystals · doi:10.3390/cryst16030164 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Daskalakis, K. S., Maier, S. A., Murray, R., & Kéna-Cohen, S.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Venue
- Nature Materials
- Published
- 2014-02-09
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 271-278
- ISSN
- 1476-1122 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4660
- OpenAlex
- W2129172688
- Cited by
- 484
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 17
- FWCI
- 23.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) (submittedVersion)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/D063329/1, EP/H000917/1, EP/H000488/1, EP/H000917/2)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
- Keywords
- polariton-polariton interaction, Frenkel excitons, organic semiconductors, microcavities, room-temperature lasing, long-range order, nonlinear optics
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