Coherent coupling between radiofrequency, optical and acoustic waves in piezo-optomechanical circuits
Open accessAbstract
Optomechanical cavities have been studied for applications ranging from sensing to quantum information science. Here, we develop a platform for nanoscale cavity optomechanical circuits in which optomechanical cavities supporting co-localized 1550 nm photons and 2.4 GHz phonons are combined with photonic and phononic waveguides. Working in GaAs facilitates manipulation of the localized mechanical mode either with a radio frequency (RF) field through the piezo-electric effect, which produces acoustic waves that are routed and coupled to the optomechanical cavity by phononic crystal waveguides, or optically through the strong photoelastic effect. Along with mechanical state preparation and sensitive readout, we use this to demonstrate an acoustic wave interference effect, similar to atomic coherent population trapping, in which RF-driven coherent mechanical motion is cancelled by optically-driven motion. Manipulating cavity optomechanical systems with equal facility through both photonic and phononic channels enables new architectures for signal transduction between the optical, electrical, and mechanical domains.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Piezo-optomechanical frequency converters have been demonstrated with different piezoelectric materials, including GaAs, AlN, and LN.
“Piezo-optomechanical frequency converters have been demonstrated with different piezoelectric materials, including GaAs [200], AlN [197,201,202], and LN [198].”
From 2022 Roadmap on integrated quantum photonics (2022) · cites this paper as [200]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Aspelmeyer, M., Kippenberg, T. J., & Marquardt, F. (2014) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.86.1391 · Cited by 5,703 · see citing works
Cavity Optomechanics: Back-Action at the Mesoscale
Kippenberg, T. J., & Vahala, K. J. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1156032 · Cited by 1,900 · see citing works
Optomechanically Induced Transparency
Weis, S., Rivière, R., Deléglise, S., Gavartin, E., Arcizet, O., Schließer, A., & Kippenberg, T. J. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1195596 · Cited by 1,665 · see citing works
Interfacing single photons and single quantum dots with photonic nanostructures
Lodahl, P., Mahmoodian, S., & Stobbe, S. (2015) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.87.347 · Cited by 1,465 · see citing works
Electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light with optomechanics
Safavi‐Naeini, A. H., Alegre, T. P. M., Chan, J., Eichenfield, M., Winger, M., Lin, Q., Hill, J. T., Chang, D. E., & Painter, O. J. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09933 · Cited by 1,456 · see citing works
Sound and heat revolutions in phononics
Maldovan, M. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12608 · Cited by 1,237 · see citing works
V Coherent Population Trapping in Laser Spectroscopy
Arimondo, E. (1996) · Progress in optics · doi:10.1016/s0079-6638(08)70531-6 · Cited by 1,169 · see citing works
Eichenfield, M., Chan, J., Camacho, R. M., Vahala, K. J., & Painter, O. J. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08524 · Cited by 1,087 · see citing works
Electromagnetically induced transparency in mechanical effects of light
Agarwal, G. S., & Huang, S. (2010) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.81.041803 · Cited by 826 · see citing works
Bidirectional and efficient conversion between microwave and optical light
Andrews, R. W., Peterson, R. W., Purdy, T., Cicak, K., Simmonds, R. W., Regal, C. A., & Lehnert, K. W. (2014) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys2911 · Cited by 814 · see citing works
Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Mobile and Wireless Communications
Campbell, C. (1998) · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Nanomechanical coupling between microwave and optical photons
Bochmann, J., Vainsencher, A., Awschalom, D. D., & Cleland, A. N. (2013) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys2748 · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Guiding and bending of acoustic waves in highly confined phononic crystal waveguides
Khelif, A., Choujaa, A., Benchabane, S., et al. (2004) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1757642 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Coherent optical wavelength conversion via cavity optomechanics
Hill, J. T., Safavi‐Naeini, A. H., Chan, J., & Painter, O. J. (2012) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2201 · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Using Interference for High Fidelity Quantum State Transfer in Optomechanics
Wang, Y.-D., & Clerk, A. A. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.153603 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Dong, C., Fiore, V., Kuzyk, M. C., & Wang, H. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1228370 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Optomechanics of deformable optical cavities
Favero, I., & Karraï, K. (2009) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2009.42 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Microfabricated phononic crystal devices and applications
Olsson, R. H., & El-Kady, I. F. (2008) · Measurement Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/0957-0233/20/1/012002 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
On-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering
Pant, R., Poulton, C. G., Choi, D., Mcfarlane, H., Hile, S. J., Li, E., Luc Thévenaz, A., Luther‐Davies, B., Madden, S., & Eggleton, B. J. (2011) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.19.008285 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Microwave synthesizer using an on-chip Brillouin oscillator
Li, J., Lee, H., & Vahala, K. J. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3097 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Interaction between light and highly confined hypersound in a silicon photonic nanowire
Laer, R. V., Kuyken, B., Thourhout, D. V., & Baets, R. (2015) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.11 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Tailorable stimulated Brillouin scattering in nanoscale silicon waveguides
Shin, H., Qiu, W., Jarecki, R. L., Cox, J. A., Olsson, R. H., Starbuck, A., Wang, Z., & Rakich, P. T. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms2943 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Optimized optomechanical crystal cavity with acoustic radiation shield
Chan, J., Safavi‐Naeini, A. H., Hill, J. T., Meenehan, S., & Painter, O. J. (2012) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4747726 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Measurement-based control of a mechanical oscillator at its thermal decoherence rate
Wilson, D. J., Sudhir, V., Piro, N., Schilling, R., Ghadimi, A. H., & Kippenberg, T. J. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14672 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Proposal for an optomechanical traveling wave phonon–photon translator
Safavi‐Naeini, A. H., & Painter, O. J. (2011) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/1/013017 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Strain-mediated coupling in a quantum dot–mechanical oscillator hybrid system
Yeo, I., de Assis, P.-L., Gloppe, A., Dupont-Ferrier, E., Verlot, P., Malik, N. S., Dupuy, E., Claudon, J., Gérard, J., Auffèves, A., et al. (2013) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2013.274 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Applications of cavity optomechanics
Metcalfe, M. (2014) · Applied Physics Reviews · doi:10.1063/1.4896029 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Stimulated optomechanical excitation of surface acoustic waves in a microdevice
Bahl, G., Zehnpfennig, J., Tomes, M., et al. (2011) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms1412 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Safavi‐Naeini, A. H., & Painter, O. J. (2010) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.18.014926 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Modulation of photonic structures by surface acoustic waves
de Lima, M. M., & Santos, P. V. (2005) · Reports on Progress in Physics · doi:10.1088/0034-4885/68/7/r02 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Tadesse, S. A., & Li, M. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms6402 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Continuous mode cooling and phonon routers for phononic quantum networks
Habraken, S., Stannigel, K., Lukin, M. D., Zoller, P., & Rabl, P. (2012) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/11/115004 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Dynamic modulation of photonic crystal nanocavities using gigahertz acoustic phonons
Fuhrmann, D. A., Thon, S. M., Kim, H., Bouwmeester, D., Petroff, P. M., Wixforth, A., & Krenner, H. J. (2011) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2011.208 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Davanço, M., Aksyuk, V., & Srinivasan, K. A. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.223603 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationResolved Sideband Emission of InAs / GaAs Quantum Dots Strained by Surface Acoustic Waves
Metcalfe, M., Carr, S. M., Müller, A., et al. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.037401 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Phonon waveguides for electromechanical circuits
Hatanaka, D., Mahboob, I., Onomitsu, K., & Yamaguchi, H. (2014) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2014.107 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Applications of surface acoustic and shallow bulk acoustic wave devices
Campbell, C. (1989) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.40664 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Moving boundary and photoelastic coupling in GaAs optomechanical resonators
Balram, K. C., Davanço, M., Lim, J. Y., Song, J. D., & Srinivasan, K. A. (2014) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.1.000414 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationA chip-scale integrated cavity-electro-optomechanics platform
Winger, M., Blasius, T. D., Alegre, T. P. M., Safavi‐Naeini, A. H., Meenehan, S. M., Cohen, J., Stobbe, S., & Painter, O. J. (2011) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.19.024905 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Nanophotonic cavity optomechanics with propagating acoustic waves at frequencies up to 12 GHz
Li, H., Tadesse, S. A., Liu, Q., et al. (2015) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.2.000826 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Photoelastic coupling in gallium arsenide optomechanical disk resonators
Baker, C. G., Hease, W., Nguyen, D. T., Andronico, A., Ducci, S., Leo, G., & Favero, I. (2014) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.22.014072 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Continuous mode cooling and phonon routers for phononic quantum networks
Habraken, S., Stannigel, K., Lukin, M. D., Zoller, P., & Rabl, P. (2012) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) · Cited by 94 · see citing works
A microelectromechanically controlled cavity optomechanical sensing system
Miao, H., Srinivasan, K. A., & Aksyuk, V. (2012) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/7/075015 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationFocusing of surface-acoustic-wave fields on (100) GaAs surfaces
de Lima, M. M., Alsina, F., Seidel, W., et al. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1625419 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Optomechanics with Surface-Acoustic-Wave Whispering-Gallery Modes
Matsko, A. B., Savchenkov, A. A., Ilchenko, V. S., et al. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.257403 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Mohammadi, S., & Adibi, A. (2011) · AIP Advances · doi:10.1063/1.3676168 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Microwave-assisted coherent and nonlinear control in cavity piezo-optomechanical systems
Fong, K. Y., Fan, L., Jiang, L., et al. (2014) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.90.051801 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [31]Arimondo E Coherent Populating Trapping in Laser Spectroscopy 1996 257 354 Elsevier Science
- [32]Khan S Kumar M Chanu SR Bharti V Natarajan V Coherent population trapping (CPT) versus Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) 2015 arXiv:1503.06956 · arXiv
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Integrated microwave photonics
Marpaung, D., Yao, J., & Capmany, J. (2019) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/s41566-018-0310-5 · Cited by 1,393 · see citing works
Superconducting qubit to optical photon transduction
Mirhosseini, M., Sipahigil, A., Kalaee, M., & Painter, O. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3038-6 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Ultra-efficient frequency comb generation in AlGaAs-on-insulator microresonators
Chang, L., Xie, W., Shu, H., Yang, Q.-F., Shen, B., Boes, A., Peters, J. D., Jin, W., Xiang, C., Liu, S., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15005-5 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Self-citationPerspectives on quantum transduction
Lauk, N., Sinclair, N., Barzanjeh, S., Covey, J. P., Saffman, M., Spiropulu, M., & Simon, C. (2020) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ab788a · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Efficient bidirectional piezo-optomechanical transduction between microwave and optical frequency
Jiang, W., Sarabalis, C. J., Dahmani, Y. D., Patel, R. N., Mayor, F. M., McKenna, T. P., Van Laer, R., & Safavi-Naeini, A. H. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14863-3 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Nano-opto-electro-mechanical systems
Midolo, L., Schliesser, A., & Fiore, A. (2018) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-017-0039-1 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Fan, L., Zou, C.-L., Cheng, R., Guo, X., Han, X., Gong, Z., Wang, S., & Tang, H. X. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aar4994 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
High-quality lithium niobate photonic crystal nanocavities
Liang, H., Luo, R., He, Y., Jiang, H., & Lin, Q. (2017) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.4.001251 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Cavity electro-optics in thin-film lithium niobate for efficient microwave-to-optical transduction
Holzgrafe, J., Sinclair, N., Zhu, D., Shams-Ansari, A., Colangelo, M., Hu, Y., Zhang, M., Berggren, K. K., & Lončar, M. (2020) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.397513 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Two-dimensional optomechanical crystal cavity with high quantum cooperativity
Ren, H., Matheny, M. H., MacCabe, G. S., Luo, J., Pfeifer, H., Mirhosseini, M., & Painter, O. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17182-9 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
McKenna, T. P., Witmer, J. D., Patel, R. N., Jiang, W., Van Laer, R., Arrangoiz-Arriola, P., Wollack, E. A., Herrmann, J. F., & Safavi-Naeini, A. H. (2020) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.397235 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Lithium niobate piezo-optomechanical crystals
Jiang, W., Patel, R. N., Mayor, F. M., McKenna, T. P., Arrangoiz-Arriola, P., Sarabalis, C. J., Witmer, J. D., Van Laer, R., & Safavi-Naeini, A. H. (2019) · Optica · doi:10.1364/optica.6.000845 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Integrated microwave acousto-optic frequency shifter on thin-film lithium niobate
Shao, L., Sinclair, N., Leatham, J., Hu, Y., Yu, M., Turpin, T., Crowe, D., & Lončar, M. (2020) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.397138 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
High-Q photonic resonators and electro-optic coupling using silicon-on-lithium-niobate
Witmer, J. D., Valery, J. A., Arrangoiz-Arriola, P., Sarabalis, C. J., Hill, J. T., & Safavi-Naeini, A. H. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep46313 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Gigahertz Phononic Integrated Circuits on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate on Sapphire
Mayor, F. M., Jiang, W., Sarabalis, C. J., McKenna, T. P., Witmer, J. D., & Safavi-Naeini, A. H. (2021) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.15.014039 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Acousto-optic modulation in lithium niobate on sapphire
Sarabalis, C. J., McKenna, T. P., Patel, R. N., Van Laer, R., & Safavi-Naeini, A. H. (2020) · APL Photonics · doi:10.1063/5.0012288 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Chip-scale cavity optomechanics in lithium niobate
Jiang, W. C., & Lin, Q. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep36920 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A silicon‐organic hybrid platform for quantum microwave-to-optical transduction
Witmer, J. D., McKenna, T. P., Arrangoiz-Arriola, P., Van Laer, R., Alex Wollack, E., Lin, F., Jen, A. K.-Y., Luo, J., & Safavi-Naeini, A. H. (2020) · Quantum Science and Technology · doi:10.1088/2058-9565/ab7eed · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Millimeter-wave interconnects for microwave-frequency quantum machines
Pechal, M., & Safavi-Naeini, A. H. (2017) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.96.042305 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Continuous and time-domain coherent signal conversion between optical and microwave frequencies
Peairs, G. A., Chou, M.-H., Bienfait, A., Chang, H.-S., Conner, C. R., Dumur, É., Grebel, J., Povey, R. G., Şahin, E., Satzinger, K. J., et al. (2020) · Physical Review Applied · doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.14.061001 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
2022 Roadmap on integrated quantum photonics
Moody, G., Sorger, V. J., Blumenthal, D. J., Juodawlkis, P. W., Loh, W., Sorace-Agaskar, C., Jones, A. E., Balram, K. C., Matthews, J. C. F., Laing, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Physics: Photonics · doi:10.1088/2515-7647/ac1ef4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Balram, K. C., Davanço, M. I., Song, J. D., & Srinivasan, K.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Balram, Krishna C.
- Srinivasan, Kartik
- Venue
- Nature Photonics
- Published
- 2016-03-28
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 346-352
- ISSN
- 1749-4885 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-4893
- PMC
- PMC4941791
- OpenAlex
- W2202036530
- Cited by
- 360
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 19
- FWCI
- 21.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Photonics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics
- Keywords
- optomechanical cavity, acoustic wave interference, coherent population trapping, photoelastic effect, piezoelectric properties, photonic waveguides, GaAs, signal transduction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
