Cited by 151Schizophrenia research and treatmentNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 62 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Abnormal Responses to Monetary Outcomes in Cortex, but not in the Basal Ganglia, in Schizophrenia

Open access

Abstract

Psychosis has been associated with aberrant brain activity concurrent with both the anticipation and integration of monetary outcomes. The extent to which abnormal reward-related neural signals can be observed in chronic, medicated patients with schizophrenia (SZ), however, is not clear. In an fMRI study involving 17 chronic outpatients with SZ and 17 matched controls, we used a monetary incentive delay (MID) task, in which different-colored shapes predicted gains, losses, or neutral outcomes. Subjects needed to respond to a target within a time window in order to receive the indicated gain or avoid the indicated loss. Group differences in blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses to cues and outcomes were assessed through voxel-wise whole-brain analyses and regions-of-interest analyses in the neostriatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Significant group by outcome valence interactions were observed in the medial and lateral PFC, lateral temporal cortex, and amygdalae, such that controls, but not patients, showed greater activation for gains, relative to losses. In the striatum, neural activity was modulated by outcome magnitude in both groups. Additionally, we found that ratings of negative symptoms in patients correlated with sensitivity to obtained losses in medial PFC, obtained gains in lateral PFC, and anticipated gains in left ventral striatum. Sensitivity to obtained gains in lateral PFC also correlated with positive symptom scores in patients. Our findings of systematic relationships between clinical symptoms and neural responses to stimuli associated with rewards and punishments offer promise that reward-related neural responses may provide sensitive probes of the effectiveness of treatments for negative symptoms.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/npp.2010.126

Cites

61 of 61 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 62 references

1 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Wechsler D (2001). Wechsler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR). The Psychological Corporation: San Antonio, TX.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Waltz, J. A., Schweitzer, J. B., Ross, T. J., Kurup, P. K., Salmeron, B. J., Rose, E. J., Gold, J. M., & Stein, E. A.
Affiliations
  • University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
  • University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Waltz, James A
Venue
Neuropsychopharmacology
Published
2010-08-18
Volume
35
Issue
12
Pages
2427-2439
ISSN
  • 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
  • 1740-634X
OpenAlex
W1991367158
Cited by
151
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 9
FWCI
5.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5p30mh068580-03, 5k12rr023250-05)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (P30 MH-068580, 1R24 MH72647-01A1, R24MH072647)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse
  • National Center for Research Resources (1K12 RR 023250-01, K12-RR023250)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
schizophrenia, monetary incentive delay task, reward processing, punishment sensitivity, outcome valence, prefrontal cortex, ventral striatum, basal ganglia, negative symptoms, positive symptoms, outcome magnitude
MeSH terms
Adult, Basal Ganglia, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Cues, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Reinforcement, Psychology, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Self Report

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review