The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Polycomb group proteins: navigators of lineage pathways led astray in cancer
Abstract
The Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are transcriptional repressors that regulate lineage choices during development and differentiation. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of how the PcG proteins regulate cell fate decisions and how their deregulation potentially contributes to cancer. In this Review we discuss the emerging roles of long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and a subset of transcription factors, which we call cell fate transcription factors, in the regulation of PcG association with target genes. We also speculate about how their deregulation contributes to tumorigenesis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Aberrations in PRCs’ functionality were linked to several human cancers,120,121 significantly contributing to the self-renewal/differentiation balance of cancer stem cells,122,123,124 including GSCs.125”
From MiR-128-3p – a gray eminence of the human central nervous system (2024) · cites this paper as [120]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Gene Ontology: tool for the unification of biology
Ashburner, M., Ball, C. A., Blake, J. A., Botstein, D., Butler, H., Cherry, J. M., Davis, A. P., Dolinski, K., Dwight, S. S., Eppig, J. T., et al. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/75556 · Cited by 43,206
Takahashi, K., & Yamanaka, S. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024 · Cited by 26,673
RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics
Wang, Z., Gerstein, M., & Snyder, M. (2009) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2484 · Cited by 13,174
Long non-coding RNAs: insights into functions
Mercer, T. R., Dinger, M. E., & Mattick, J. S. (2009) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2521 · Cited by 5,654
Chromatin signature reveals over a thousand highly conserved large non-coding RNAs in mammals
Guttman, M., Amit, I., Garber, M., French, C., Lin, M. F., Feldser, D., Huarte, M., Zuk, O., Carey, B. W., Cassady, J. P., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07672 · Cited by 4,098
Khalil, A. M., Guttman, M., Huarte, M., Garber, M., Raj, A., Rivea Morales, D., Thomas, K., Presser, A., Bernstein, B. E., van Oudenaarden, A., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0904715106 · Cited by 2,872
The polycomb group protein EZH2 is involved in progression of prostate cancer
Varambally, S., Dhanasekaran, S. M., Zhou, M., Barrette, T. R., Kumar-Sinha, C., Sanda, M. G., Ghosh, D., Pienta, K. J., Sewalt, R. G. A. B., Otte, A. P., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01075 · Cited by 2,717
DPC4 , A Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene at Human Chromosome 18q21.1
Hahn, S. A., Schutte, M., Shamsul Hoque, A. T. M., Moskaluk, C. A., da Costa, L. T., Rozenblum, E., Weinstein, C. L., Fischer, A., Yeo, C. J., Hruban, R. H., et al. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5247.350 · Cited by 2,337
Bmi-1 is required for maintenance of adult self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells.
Park, I.-K., Qian, D., Kiel, M., Becker, M. W., Pihalja, M., Weissman, I. L., Morrison, S. J., & Clarke, M. F. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01587 · Cited by 1,871
Kleer, C. G., Cao, Q., Varambally, S., Shen, R., Ota, I., Tomlins, S. A., Ghosh, D., Sewalt, R. G. A. B., Otte, A. P., Hayes, D. F., et al. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1933744100 · Cited by 1,649
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 153
- Reya, T., Morrison, S. J., Clarke, M. F. & Weissman, I. L. Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature 414, 105–111 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
- Stingl, J. & Caldas, C. Molecular heterogeneity of breast carcinomas and the cancer stem cell hypothesis. Nature Rev. Cancer 7, 791–799 (2007). · DOI
- Vescovi, A. L., Galli, R. & Reynolds, B. A. Brain tumour stem cells. Nature Rev. Cancer 6, 425–436 (2006). · DOI
- Feinberg, A. P., Ohlsson, R. & Henikoff, S. The epigenetic progenitor origin of human cancer. Nature Rev. Genet. 7, 21–33 (2006). The authors discuss the epigenetic progenitor model of cancer, in which tumour development is proposed to involve the alteration of gene expression patterns owing to epigenetic changes. This model is under active investigation. · DOI
- Ohm, J. E. & Baylin, S. B. Stem cell chromatin patterns: an instructive mechanism for DNA hypermethylation? Cell Cycle 6, 1040–1043 (2007). · DOI
- Ben-Porath, I. et al. An embryonic stem cell-like gene expression signature in poorly differentiated aggressive human tumors. Nature Genet. 40, 499–507 (2008). · DOI
- Sparmann, A. & van Lohuizen, M. Polycomb silencers control cell fate, development and cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 6, 846–856 (2006). · DOI
- Pietersen, A. M. & van Lohuizen, M. Stem cell regulation by polycomb repressors: postponing commitment. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 20, 201–207 (2008). · DOI
- Boyer, L. A. et al. Polycomb complexes repress developmental regulators in murine embryonic stem cells. Nature 441, 349–353 (2006). · DOI
- Bracken, A. P., Dietrich, N., Pasini, D., Hansen, K. H. & Helin, K. Genome-wide mapping of Polycomb target genes unravels their roles in cell fate transitions. Genes Dev. 20, 1123–1136 (2006). · DOI
- Lee, T. I. et al. Control of developmental regulators by Polycomb in human embryonic stem cells. Cell 125, 301–313 (2006). References 12–14 were the first studies to perform genome-wide mapping of target genes for the PcG proteins. · DOI
- Pasini, D., Bracken, A. P., Hansen, J. B., Capillo, M. & Helin, K. The Polycomb Group protein Suz12 is required for embryonic stem cell differentiation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27, 3769–3779 (2007). · DOI
- Ezhkova, E. et al. Ezh2 orchestrates gene expression for the stepwise differentiation of tissue-specific stem cells. Cell 136, 1122–1135 (2009). · DOI
- Mohn, F. & Schubeler, D. Genetics and epigenetics: stability and plasticity during cellular differentiation. Trends Genet. 25, 129–136 (2009). · DOI
- Mohn, F. et al. Lineage-specific polycomb targets and de novo DNA methylation define restriction and potential of neuronal progenitors. Mol. Cell 30, 755–766 (2008). · DOI
- Oktaba, K. et al. Dynamic regulation by polycomb group protein complexes controls pattern formation and the cell cycle in Drosophila. Dev. Cell 15, 877–889 (2008). · DOI
- Molofsky, A. V. et al. Bmi-1 dependence distinguishes neural stem cell self-renewal from progenitor proliferation. Nature 425, 962–967 (2003). · DOI
- Dietrich, N. et al. Bypass of senescence by the polycomb group protein CBX8 through direct binding to the INK4A-ARF locus. EMBO J. 26, 1637–48 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
- Gil, J., Bernard, D., Martinez, D. & Beach, D. Polycomb CBX7 has a unifying role in cellular lifespan. Nature Cell Biol. 6, 67–72 (2004). · DOI · Paper page
- Bruggeman, S. W. et al. Ink4a and Arf differentially affect cell proliferation and neural stem cell self-renewal in Bmi1-deficient mice. Genes Dev. 19, 1438–1443 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
- Chen, H. et al. Polycomb protein Ezh2 regulates pancreatic β-cell Ink4a/Arf expression and regeneration in diabetes mellitus. Genes Dev. 23, 975–985 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
- Dhawan, S., Tschen, S. I. & Bhushan, A. Bmi-1 regulates the Ink4a/Arf locus to control pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. Genes Dev. 23, 906–911 (2009). · DOI · Paper page
- Leung, C. et al. Bmi1 is essential for cerebellar development and is overexpressed in human medulloblastomas. Nature 428, 337–341 (2004). · DOI
- Molofsky, A. V., He, S., Bydon, M., Morrison, S. J. & Pardal, R. Bmi-1 promotes neural stem cell self-renewal and neural development but not mouse growth and survival by repressing the p16Ink4a and p19Arf senescence pathways. Genes Dev. 19, 1432–1437 (2005). · DOI
- Vire, E. et al. The Polycomb group protein EZH2 directly controls DNA methylation. Nature 439, 871–874 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
- Mohammad, H. P. et al. Polycomb CBX7 promotes initiation of heritable repression of genes frequently silenced with cancer-specific DNA hypermethylation. Cancer Res. 69, 6322–6330 (2009). · DOI
- Bea, S. et al. BMI-1 gene amplification and overexpression in hematological malignancies occur mainly in mantle cell lymphomas. Cancer Res. 61, 2409–2412 (2001).
- Rubio-Moscardo, F. et al. Mantle-cell lymphoma genotypes identified with CGH to BAC microarrays define a leukemic subgroup of disease and predict patient outcome. Blood 105, 4445–4454 (2005). · DOI
- van Lohuizen, M. et al. Identification of cooperating oncogenes in E mu-myc transgenic mice by provirus tagging. Cell 65, 737–752 (1991). · DOI
- Jacobs, J. J. et al. Bmi-1 collaborates with c-Myc in tumorigenesis by inhibiting c-Myc-induced apoptosis via INK4a/ARF. Genes Dev. 13, 2678–2690 (1999). · DOI
- Koontz, J. I. et al. Frequent fusion of the JAZF1 and JJAZ1 genes in endometrial stromal tumors. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 6348–6353 (2001). · DOI
- Bachmann, I. M. et al. EZH2 expression is associated with high proliferation rate and aggressive tumor subgroups in cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the endometrium, prostate, and breast. J. Clin. Oncol. 24, 268–273 (2006). · DOI
- Saramaki, O. R., Tammela, T. L., Martikainen, P. M., Vessella, R. L. & Visakorpi, T. The gene for polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is amplified in late-stage prostate cancer. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 45, 639–645 (2006). · DOI
- van Kemenade, F. J. et al. Coexpression of BMI-1 and EZH2 polycomb-group proteins is associated with cycling cells and degree of malignancy in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 97, 3896–3901 (2001). · DOI
- Vekony, H. et al. High expression of Polycomb group protein EZH2 predicts poor survival in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. J. Clin. Pathol. 61, 744–749 (2008). · DOI
- Weikert, S. et al. Expression levels of the EZH2 polycomb transcriptional repressor correlate with aggressiveness and invasive potential of bladder carcinomas. Int. J. Mol. Med. 16, 349–353 (2005).
- Friedman, J. M. et al. The putative tumor suppressor microRNA-101 modulates the cancer epigenome by repressing the polycomb group protein EZH2. Cancer Res. 69, 2623–2629 (2009). · DOI
- Varambally, S. et al. Genomic loss of microRNA-101 leads to overexpression of histone methyltransferase EZH2 in cancer. Science 322, 1695–1699 (2008). · DOI
- Raaphorst, F. M., Otte, A. P. & Meijer, C. J. Polycomb-group genes as regulators of mammalian lymphopoiesis. Trends Immunol. 22, 682–690 (2001). · DOI
- Ringrose, L. & Paro, R. Polycomb/Trithorax response elements and epigenetic memory of cell identity. Development 134, 223–232 (2007). · DOI
- Kwong, C. et al. Stability and dynamics of polycomb target sites in Drosophila development. PLoS Genet. 4, e1000178 (2008). · DOI
- Babu, M. M., Luscombe, N. M., Aravind, L., Gerstein, M. & Teichmann, S. A. Structure and evolution of transcriptional regulatory networks. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 14, 283–291 (2004). · DOI
- Blyth, K., Cameron, E. R. & Neil, J. C. The RUNX genes: gain or loss of function in cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 5, 376–387 (2005). · DOI
- Myatt, S. S. & Lam, E. W. The emerging roles of forkhead box (Fox) proteins in cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 7, 847–859 (2007). · DOI
- Pearson, J. C., Lemons, D. & McGinnis, W. Modulating Hox gene functions during animal body patterning. Nature Rev. Genet. 6, 893–904 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
- Robson, E. J., He, S. J. & Eccles, M. R. A PANorama of PAX genes in cancer and development. Nature Rev. Cancer 6, 52–62 (2006). · DOI
- Caretti, G., Di Padova, M., Micales, B., Lyons, G. E. & Sartorelli, V. The Polycomb Ezh2 methyltransferase regulates muscle gene expression and skeletal muscle differentiation. Genes Dev. 18, 2627–2638 (2004). · DOI
- Garcia, E., Marcos-Gutierrez, C., del Mar Lorente, M., Moreno, J. C. & Vidal, M. RYBP, a new repressor protein that interacts with components of the mammalian Polycomb complex, and with the transcription factor YY1. EMBO J. 18, 3404–3418 (1999). · DOI
- Barna, M. et al. Plzf mediates transcriptional repression of HoxD gene expression through chromatin remodeling. Dev. Cell 3, 499–510 (2002). · DOI
- Boukarabila, H. et al. The PRC1 Polycomb group complex interacts with PLZF/RARA to mediate leukemic transformation. Genes Dev. 23, 1195–1206 (2009).
- Hosokawa, H. et al. Regulation of Th2 cell development by Polycomb group gene bmi-1 through the stabilization of GATA3. J. Immunol. 177, 7656–7664 (2006). · DOI
- Trimarchi, J. M., Fairchild, B., Wen, J. & Lees, J. A. The E2F6 transcription factor is a component of the mammalian Bmi1-containing polycomb complex. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 1519–1524 (2001). · DOI
- Kleinmann, E., Geimer Le Lay, A. S., Sellars, M., Kastner, P. & Chan, S. Ikaros represses the transcriptional response to Notch signaling in T-cell development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 28, 7465–7475 (2008). · DOI
- Chen, X., Hiller, M., Sancak, Y. & Fuller, M. T. Tissue-specific TAFs counteract Polycomb to turn on terminal differentiation. Science 310, 869–872 (2005). · DOI
- Pandey, R. R. et al. Kcnq1ot1 antisense noncoding RNA mediates lineage-specific transcriptional silencing through chromatin-level regulation. Mol. Cell 32, 232–246 (2008). · DOI
- Rinn, J. L. et al. Functional demarcation of active and silent chromatin domains in human HOX loci by noncoding RNAs. Cell 129, 1311–1323 (2007). This paper identified HOTAIR as a long ncRNA that is transcribed from the HOXC locus, which the authors showed associates with the PRC2 complex and is required for recruitment of PcGs to the HOXD locus. · DOI
- Terranova, R. et al. Polycomb group proteins Ezh2 and Rnf2 direct genomic contraction and imprinted repression in early mouse embryos. Dev. Cell 15, 668–679 (2008). · DOI
- Zhao, J., Sun, B. K., Erwin, J. A., Song, J. J. & Lee, J. T. Polycomb proteins targeted by a short repeat RNA to the mouse X chromosome. Science 322, 750–756 (2008). · DOI
- Dinger, M. E. et al. Long noncoding RNAs in mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. Genome Res. 18, 1433–1445 (2008). · DOI
- Hogg, J. R. & Collins, K. Structured non-coding RNAs and the RNP Renaissance. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 12, 684–689 (2008). · DOI
- Krajewski, W. A., Nakamura, T., Mazo, A. & Canaani, E. A motif within SET-domain proteins binds single-stranded nucleic acids and transcribed and supercoiled DNAs and can interfere with assembly of nucleosomes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 1891–1899 (2005). · DOI
- Akhtar, A., Zink, D. & Becker, P. B. Chromodomains are protein-RNA interaction modules. Nature 407, 405–409 (2000). · DOI
- Bernstein, E. et al. Mouse polycomb proteins bind differentially to methylated histone H3 and RNA and are enriched in facultative heterochromatin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 2560–2569 (2006). · DOI
- Muchardt, C. et al. Coordinated methyl and RNA binding is required for heterochromatin localization of mammalian HP1α. EMBO Rep. 3, 975–981 (2002). · DOI
- Lefterova, M. I. et al. PPARγ and C/EBP factors orchestrate adipocyte biology via adjacent binding on a genome-wide scale. Genes Dev. 22, 2941–2952 (2008). · DOI
- Nielsen, R. et al. Genome-wide profiling of PPARγ:RXR and RNA polymerase II occupancy reveals temporal activation of distinct metabolic pathways and changes in RXR dimer composition during adipogenesis. Genes Dev. 22, 2953–2967 (2008). · DOI
- Ramsay, R. G. & Gonda, T. J. MYB function in normal and cancer cells. Nature Rev. Cancer 8, 523–534 (2008). · DOI
- Garraway, L. A. & Sellers, W. R. Lineage dependency and lineage-survival oncogenes in human cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 6, 593–602 (2006). · DOI
- Zhang, S. J. et al. Gain-of-function mutation of GATA-2 in acute myeloid transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 2076–2081 (2008). · DOI
- Kouros-Mehr, H., Kim, J. W., Bechis, S. K. & Werb, Z. GATA-3 and the regulation of the mammary luminal cell fate. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 20, 164–170 (2008). · DOI
- Nerlov, C. The C/EBP family of transcription factors: a paradigm for interaction between gene expression and proliferation control. Trends Cell Biol. 17, 318–324 (2007). · DOI
- Mullighan, C. G. et al. BCR-ABL1 lymphoblastic leukaemia is characterized by the deletion of Ikaros. Nature 453, 110–114 (2008). · DOI · Paper page
- Nichols, J. et al. Formation of pluripotent stem cells in the mammalian embryo depends on the POU transcription factor Oct4. Cell 95, 379–391 (1998). · DOI
- Gidekel, S., Pizov, G., Bergman, Y. & Pikarsky, E. Oct-3/4 is a dose-dependent oncogenic fate determinant. Cancer Cell 4, 361–370 (2003). · DOI
- Hochedlinger, K., Yamada, Y., Beard, C. & Jaenisch, R. Ectopic expression of Oct-4 blocks progenitor-cell differentiation and causes dysplasia in epithelial tissues. Cell 121, 465–477 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
- Reid, A. et al. Leukemia translocation gene, PLZF, is expressed with a speckled nuclear pattern in early hematopoietic progenitors. Blood 86, 4544–4552 (1995). · DOI
- Ivanova, N. B. et al. A stem cell molecular signature. Science 298, 601–604 (2002). · DOI
- Sauvageau, G. et al. Differential expression of homeobox genes in functionally distinct CD34+ subpopulations of human bone marrow cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 12223–12227 (1994). · DOI
- Thorsteinsdottir, U. et al. Overexpression of the myeloid leukemia-associated Hoxa9 gene in bone marrow cells induces stem cell expansion. Blood 99, 121–129 (2002). · DOI
- Lang, D. et al. Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem cell differentiation. Nature 433, 884–887 (2005). · DOI · Paper page
- Olguin, H. C. & Olwin, B. B. Pax-7 up-regulation inhibits myogenesis and cell cycle progression in satellite cells: a potential mechanism for self-renewal. Dev. Biol. 275, 375–388 (2004). · DOI
- Kotaja, N. & Sassone-Corsi, P. Plzf pushes stem cells. Nature Genet. 36, 551–553 (2004). · DOI
- Villa, R. et al. Role of the polycomb repressive complex 2 in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Cancer Cell 11, 513–525 (2007). · DOI
- Nakamura, T. et al. Fusion of the nucleoporin gene NUP98 to HOXA9 by the chromosome translocation t(7;11)(p15;p15) in human myeloid leukaemia. Nature Genet. 12, 154–158 (1996). · DOI
- Que, J. et al. Multiple dose-dependent roles for Sox2 in the patterning and differentiation of anterior foregut endoderm. Development 134, 2521–2531 (2007). · DOI
- Que, J., Luo, X., Schwartz, R. J. & Hogan, B. L. Multiple roles for Sox2 in the developing and adult mouse trachea. Development 136, 1899–1907 (2009). · DOI
- Chen, X. et al. Multilayered epithelium in a rat model and human Barrett's esophagus: similar expression patterns of transcription factors and differentiation markers. BMC Gastroenterol. 8, 1 (2008). · DOI
- Georgopoulos, K. Haematopoietic cell-fate decisions, chromatin regulation and ikaros. Nature Rev. Immunol. 2, 162–174 (2002). · DOI
- Mullighan, C. G. et al. Genome-wide analysis of genetic alterations in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nature 446, 758–764 (2007). · DOI
- Xu, C. R., Schaffer, L., Head, S. R. & Feeney, A. J. Reciprocal patterns of methylation of H3K36 and H3K27 on proximal vs. distal IgVH genes are modulated by IL-7 and Pax5. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 8685–8690 (2008). · DOI
- Tlsty, T. D. Luminal cells GATA have it. Nature Cell Biol. 9, 135–136 (2007). · DOI
- Gurdon, J. B. & Melton, D. A. Nuclear reprogramming in cells. Science 322, 1811–1815 (2008). · DOI
- Hochedlinger, K. & Plath, K. Epigenetic reprogramming and induced pluripotency. Development 136, 509–523 (2009). · DOI
- Deng, J. et al. Targeted bisulfite sequencing reveals changes in DNA methylation associated with nuclear reprogramming. Nature Biotechnol. 27, 353–360 (2009). · DOI
- Maherali, N. et al. Directly reprogrammed fibroblasts show global epigenetic remodeling and widespread tissue contribution. Cell Stem Cell 1, 55–70 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
- Hanahan, D. & Weinberg, R. A. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 100, 57–70 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
- Boiani, M. & Scholer, H. R. Regulatory networks in embryo-derived pluripotent stem cells. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 872–884 (2005). · DOI
- Wu, H. et al. Hypomethylation-linked activation of PAX2 mediates tamoxifen-stimulated endometrial carcinogenesis. Nature 438, 981–987 (2005). · DOI
- Yu, W. et al. Epigenetic silencing of tumour suppressor gene p15 by its antisense RNA. Nature 451, 202–206 (2008). This paper identified a long ncRNA that represses CDKN2B. · DOI
- Lin, R., Maeda, S., Liu, C., Karin, M. & Edgington, T. S. A large noncoding RNA is a marker for murine hepatocellular carcinomas and a spectrum of human carcinomas. Oncogene 26, 851–858 (2007). · DOI
- Zhou, Q. & Melton, D. A. Extreme makeover: converting one cell into another. Cell Stem Cell 3, 382–388 (2008). · DOI
- Nutt, S. L., Heavey, B., Rolink, A. G. & Busslinger, M. Commitment to the B-lymphoid lineage depends on the transcription factor Pax5. Nature 401, 556–562 (1999). · DOI
- Laiosa, C. V., Stadtfeld, M., Xie, H., de Andres-Aguayo, L. & Graf, T. Reprogramming of committed T cell progenitors to macrophages and dendritic cells by C/EBPα and PU.1 transcription factors. Immunity 25, 731–744 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
- Xie, H., Ye, M., Feng, R. & Graf, T. Stepwise reprogramming of B cells into macrophages. Cell 117, 663–676 (2004). · DOI
- Zhou, Q., Brown, J., Kanarek, A., Rajagopal, J. & Melton, D. A. In vivo reprogramming of adult pancreatic exocrine cells to β-cells. Nature 455, 627–632 (2008). · DOI · Paper page
- Cardone, M. et al. The novel ETS factor TEL2 cooperates with Myc in B lymphomagenesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 2395–2405 (2005). · DOI
- Kwei, K. A. et al. Genomic profiling identifies GATA6 as a candidate oncogene amplified in pancreatobiliary cancer. PLoS Genet. 4, e1000081 (2008). · DOI
- Kroon, E., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Mayotte, N., Nakamura, T. & Sauvageau, G. NUP98-HOXA9 expression in hemopoietic stem cells induces chronic and acute myeloid leukemias in mice. EMBO J. 20, 350–361 (2001). · DOI
- Grutz, G. G. et al. The oncogenic T cell LIM-protein Lmo2 forms part of a DNA-binding complex specifically in immature T cells. EMBO J. 17, 4594–4605 (1998). · DOI
- Chervinsky, D. S. et al. Disordered T-cell development and T-cell malignancies in SCL LMO1 double-transgenic mice: parallels with E2A-deficient mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19, 5025–5035 (1999). · DOI
- Fisch, P. et al. T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma induced in transgenic mice by the RBTN1 and RBTN2 LIM-domain genes. Oncogene 7, 2389–2397 (1992).
- Loercher, A. E., Tank, E. M., Delston, R. B. & Harbour, J. W. MITF links differentiation with cell cycle arrest in melanocytes by transcriptional activation of INK4A. J. Cell Biol. 168, 35–40 (2005). · DOI
- Lidonnici, M. R., Corradini, F., Waldron, T., Bender, T. P. & Calabretta, B. Requirement of c-Myb for p210(BCR/ABL)-dependent transformation of hematopoietic progenitors and leukemogenesis. Blood 111, 4771–4779 (2008). · DOI
- Brodeur, G. M., Seeger, R. C., Schwab, M., Varmus, H. E. & Bishop, J. M. Amplification of N-myc in untreated human neuroblastomas correlates with advanced disease stage. Science 224, 1121–1124 (1984). · DOI
- Weiss, W. A., Aldape, K., Mohapatra, G., Feuerstein, B. G. & Bishop, J. M. Targeted expression of MYCN causes neuroblastoma in transgenic mice. EMBO J. 16, 2985–2995 (1997). · DOI
- Boon, K., Eberhart, C. G. & Riggins, G. J. Genomic amplification of orthodenticle homologue 2 in medulloblastomas. Cancer Res. 65, 703–707 (2005). · DOI
- Di, C. et al. Identification of OTX2 as a medulloblastoma oncogene whose product can be targeted by all-trans retinoic acid. Cancer Res. 65, 919–924 (2005). · DOI
- Barr, F. G. et al. Rearrangement of the PAX3 paired box gene in the paediatric solid tumour alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Nature Genet. 3, 113–117 (1993). · DOI
- Keller, C. et al. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas in conditional Pax3:Fkhr mice: cooperativity of Ink4a/ARF and Trp53 loss of function. Genes Dev. 18, 2614–2626 (2004). · DOI
- Chen, Z. et al. Fusion between a novel Kruppel-like zinc finger gene and the retinoic acid receptor-α locus due to a variant t(11;17) translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukaemia. EMBO J. 12, 1161–1167 (1993). · DOI
- He, L. Z. et al. Distinct interactions of PML-RARα and PLZF-RARα with co-repressors determine differential responses to RA in APL. Nature Genet. 18, 126–135 (1998). · DOI
- Zhang, J., Kalkum, M., Yamamura, S., Chait, B. T. & Roeder, R. G. E protein silencing by the leukemogenic AML1-ETO fusion protein. Science 305, 1286–1289 (2004). · DOI
- Yang, G. et al. Transcriptional repression of the Neurofibromatosis-1 tumor suppressor by the t(8;21) fusion protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 5869–5879 (2005). · DOI
- O'Neil, J., Shank, J., Cusson, N., Murre, C. & Kelliher, M. TAL1/SCL induces leukemia by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of E47/HEB. Cancer Cell 5, 587–596 (2004). · DOI
- Jacobs, J. J. et al. Senescence bypass screen identifies TBX2, which represses Cdkn2a (p19ARF) and is amplified in a subset of human breast cancers. Nature Genet. 26, 291–299 (2000). · DOI · Paper page
- Kwei, K. A. et al. Genomic profiling identifies TITF1 as a lineage-specific oncogene amplified in lung cancer. Oncogene 27, 3635–3640 (2008). · DOI
- Weir, B. A. et al. Characterizing the cancer genome in lung adenocarcinoma. Nature 450, 893–898 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
- Aoki, K., Tamai, Y., Horiike, S., Oshima, M. & Taketo, M. M. Colonic polyposis caused by mTOR-mediated chromosomal instability in Apc+/δ716 Cdx2± compound mutant mice. Nature Genet. 35, 323–330 (2003). · DOI
- Wicking, C. et al. CDX2, a human homologue of Drosophila caudal, is mutated in both alleles in a replication error positive colorectal cancer. Oncogene 17, 657–659 (1998). · DOI
- Chawengsaksophak, K., James, R., Hammond, V. E., Kontgen, F. & Beck, F. Homeosis and intestinal tumours in Cdx2 mutant mice. Nature 386, 84–87 (1997). · DOI
- Bai, Y. Q., Miyake, S., Iwai, T. & Yuasa, Y. CDX2, a homeobox transcription factor, upregulates transcription of the p21/WAF1/CIP1 gene. Oncogene 22, 7942–7949 (2003). · DOI
- Pabst, T. et al. Dominant-negative mutations of CEBPA, encoding CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), in acute myeloid leukemia. Nature Genet. 27, 263–270 (2001). · DOI · Paper page
- Kirstetter, P. et al. Modeling of C/EBPα mutant acute myeloid leukemia reveals a common expression signature of committed myeloid leukemia-initiating cells. Cancer Cell 13, 299–310 (2008). · DOI · Paper page
- Zuo, T. et al. FOXP3 is a novel transcriptional repressor for the breast cancer oncogene SKP2. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 3765–3773 (2007).
- Zuo, T. et al. FOXP3 is an X-linked breast cancer suppressor gene and an important repressor of the HER-2/ErbB2 oncogene. Cell 129, 1275–1286 (2007). · DOI
- Kouros-Mehr, H., Slorach, E. M., Sternlicht, M. D. & Werb, Z. GATA-3 maintains the differentiation of the luminal cell fate in the mammary gland. Cell 127, 1041–1055 (2006). · DOI · Paper page
- Usary, J. et al. Mutation of GATA3 in human breast tumors. Oncogene 23, 7669–7678 (2004). · DOI
- Pei, X. H. et al. CDK inhibitor p18INK4c is a downstream target of GATA3 and restrains mammary luminal progenitor cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 15, 389–401 (2009). · DOI
- Raman, V. et al. Compromised HOXA5 function can limit p53 expression in human breast tumours. Nature 405, 974–978 (2000). · DOI
- Garkavtsev, I. et al. The candidate tumour suppressor p33ING1 cooperates with p53 in cell growth control. Nature 391, 295–298 (1998). · DOI
- Maestro, R. et al. Chromosome 13q deletion mapping in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: identification of two distinct regions of preferential loss. Cancer Res. 56, 1146–1150 (1996).
- Kichina, J. V. et al. Targeted disruption of the mouse ing1 locus results in reduced body size, hypersensitivity to radiation and elevated incidence of lymphomas. Oncogene 25, 857–866 (2006). · DOI
- Narla, G. et al. KLF6, a candidate tumor suppressor gene mutated in prostate cancer. Science 294, 2563–2566 (2001). · DOI
- Kimmelman, A. C. et al. Suppression of glioblastoma tumorigenicity by the Kruppel-like transcription factor KLF6. Oncogene 23, 5077–5083 (2004). · DOI
- Huang, X., Li, X. & Guo, B. KLF6 induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through up-regulation of ATF3. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 29795–29801 (2008). · DOI
- Mueller, B. U. et al. Heterozygous PU.1 mutations are associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 101, 2074 (2003). · DOI
- Li, Q. L. et al. Causal relationship between the loss of RUNX3 expression and gastric cancer. Cell 109, 113–124 (2002). · DOI
- Ito, K. et al. RUNX3 attenuates β-catenin/T cell factors in intestinal tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 14, 226–237 (2008). · DOI
- Izeradjene, K. et al. KrasG12D and Smad4/Dpc4 haploinsufficiency cooperate to induce mucinous cystic neoplasms and invasive adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Cancer Cell 11, 229–243 (2007). · DOI · Paper page
- Haber, D. A. et al. An internal deletion within an 11p13 zinc finger gene contributes to the development of Wilms' tumor. Cell 61, 1257–1269 (1990). · DOI
- Yang, L., Han, Y., Suarez Saiz, F. & Minden, M. D. A tumor suppressor and oncogene: the WT1 story. Leukemia 21, 868–876 (2007). · DOI
- Englert, C., Maheswaran, S., Garvin, A. J., Kreidberg, J. & Haber, D. A. Induction of p21 by the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene WT1. Cancer Res. 57, 1429–1434 (1997).
- Bass, A. J. et al. SOX2 is an amplified lineage-survival oncogene in lung and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Nature Genet. 4 Oct 2009 (doi: 10.1038/ng.465). · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inactivating mutations of the histone methyltransferase gene EZH2 in myeloid disorders
Ernst, T., Chase, A. J., Score, J., Hidalgo-Curtis, C. E., Bryant, C., Jones, A. V., Waghorn, K., Zoi, K., Ross, F. M., Reiter, A., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.621 · Cited by 1,139
Long-range enhancer–promoter contacts in gene expression control
Schoenfelder, S., & Fraser, P. (2019) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41576-019-0128-0 · Cited by 1,102
Iliopoulos, D., Lindahl-Allen, M., Polytarchou, C., Hirsch, H. A., Tsichlis, P. N., & Struhl, K. (2010) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.08.013 · Cited by 399
Holdt, L. M., Hoffmann, S., Sass, K., Langenberger, D., Scholz, M., Krohn, K., Finstermeier, K., Stahringer, A., Wilfert, W., Beutner, F., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003588 · Cited by 397
Palacios, D., Mozzetta, C., Consalvi, S., Caretti, G., Saccone, V., Proserpio, V., Marquez, V. E., Valente, S., Mai, A., Forcales, S. V., et al. (2010) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.08.013 · Cited by 392
Metadata
- Authors
- Bracken, A. P., & Helin, K.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Cancer
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 773-784
- ISSN
- 1474-175X
- 1474-1768
- Cited by
- 523
- References
- 27
- Language
- en
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review