Traumatic spinal cord injury
Open accessAbstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has devastating consequences for the physical, social and vocational well-being of patients. The demographic of SCIs is shifting such that an increasing proportion of older individuals are being affected. Pathophysiologically, the initial mechanical trauma (the primary injury) permeabilizes neurons and glia and initiates a secondary injury cascade that leads to progressive cell death and spinal cord damage over the subsequent weeks. Over time, the lesion remodels and is composed of cystic cavitations and a glial scar, both of which potently inhibit regeneration. Several animal models and complementary behavioural tests of SCI have been developed to mimic this pathological process and form the basis for the development of preclinical and translational neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies. Diagnosis requires a thorough patient history, standardized neurological physical examination and radiographic imaging of the spinal cord. Following diagnosis, several interventions need to be rapidly applied, including haemodynamic monitoring in the intensive care unit, early surgical decompression, blood pressure augmentation and, potentially, the administration of methylprednisolone. Managing the complications of SCI, such as bowel and bladder dysfunction, the formation of pressure sores and infections, is key to address all facets of the patient's injury experience.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A spinal cord injury interrupts communication between the brain and the region of the spinal cord that produces walking, leading to paralysis.
“A spinal cord injury interrupts the communication between the brain and the region of the spinal cord that produces walking, leading to paralysis1,2.”
From Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain–spine interface (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
Cites
Astrocyte scar formation aids central nervous system axon regeneration
Anderson, M. A., Burda, J. E., Ren, Y., Ao, Y., O’Shea, T. M., Kawaguchi, R., Coppola, G., Khakh, B. S., Deming, T. J., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature17623 · Cited by 1,851 · see citing works
Wanner, I. B., Anderson, M. A., Song, B., Levine, J., Fernandez, A., Gray-Thompson, Z., Ao, Y., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2121-13.2013 · Cited by 839 · see citing works
Myelin Impairs CNS Remyelination by Inhibiting Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Differentiation
Kotter, M. R., Li, W.-W., Zhao, C., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2615-05.2006 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Self-citationOrigin of New Glial Cells in Intact and Injured Adult Spinal Cord
Barnabé-Heider, F., Göritz, C., Sabelström, H., Takebayashi, H., Pfrieger, F. W., Meletis, K., & Frisén, J. (2010) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2010.07.014 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Kotter, M. R., Setzu, A., Sim, F. J., Van Rooijen, N., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2001) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.1085 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Self-citationSchwab, J. M., Zhang, Y., Kopp, M. A., Brommer, B., & Popovich, P. G. (2014) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.04.023 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases
Wilson, D. M., Cookson, M. R., Van Den Bosch, L., Zetterberg, H., Holtzman, D. M., & Dewachter, I. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.12.032 · Cited by 1,789 · see citing works
Clinical applications of stem cell-derived exosomes
Tan, F., Li, X., Wang, Z., Li, J., Shahzad, K., & Zheng, J. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01704-0 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Walking naturally after spinal cord injury using a brain–spine interface
Lorach, H., Galvez, A., Spagnolo, V., Martel, F., Karakas, S., Intering, N., Vat, M., Faivre, O., Harte, C., Komi, S., et al. (2023) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06094-5 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Jiang, D., Gong, F., Ge, X., Lv, C., Huang, C., Feng, S., Zhou, Z., Rong, Y., Wang, J., Ji, C., et al. (2020) · Journal of Nanobiotechnology · doi:10.1186/s12951-020-00665-8 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Frontier in Spinal Cord Injury Pathobiology and Therapy
Dutta, D., Khan, N., Wu, J., & Jay, S. M. (2021) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2021.01.003 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Tian, Z., He, L., Liu, C., Wang, N., Rong, L., & Liu, B. (2021) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-021-02282-0 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Emerging role of non-coding RNAs in neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and astrocytes
Yang, R., Yang, B., Liu, W., Tan, C., Chen, H., & Wang, X. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-023-02856-0 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Pharmacological Manipulation of Kv7 Channels as a New Therapeutic Tool for Multiple Brain Disorders
Vigil, F. A., Carver, C. M., & Shapiro, M. S. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00688 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions
Choi, H. K., Chen, M., Goldston, L. L., & Lee, K.-B. (2024) · Nano Convergence · doi:10.1186/s40580-024-00426-5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
MiR-128-3p – a gray eminence of the human central nervous system
Kiel, K., Król, S. K., Bronisz, A., & Godlewski, J. (2024) · Molecular Therapy Nucleic Acids · doi:10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102141 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Maza, R. M., Barreda-Manso, M. A., Reigada, D., Silván, Á., Muñoz-Galdeano, T., Soto, A., del Águila, Á., & Nieto-Díaz, M. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10071559 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ahuja, C. S., Wilson, J. R., Nori, S., Kotter, M. R. N., Druschel, C., Curt, A., & Fehlings, M. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Keio University (JP)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (DE)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Fehlings, Michael G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers
- Published
- 2017-04-27
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17018-17018
- ISSN
- 2056-676X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2484283047
- Cited by
- 2,441
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 393 · 2025: 424 · 2024: 395 · 2023: 339 · 2022: 335 · 2021: 232 · 2020: 144 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 56 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 13.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (CS-2015-15-023)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spinal Cord Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Orthopedics and Neurology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Nerve injury and regeneration
- Keywords
- traumatic spinal cord injury, primary injury, secondary injury cascade, glial scar, neuroprotection, nerve regeneration, animal models of spinal cord injury, spinal cord imaging, methylprednisolone, surgical decompression, hemodynamic monitoring, bowel and bladder dysfunction, pressure ulcers, spinal cord infection, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Electric Stimulation Therapy, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Hypotension, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Methylprednisolone, Quality of Life, Radiography, Spinal Cord Injuries, Spine, Syringomyelia, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Wounds and Injuries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
