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QST–FST comparisons: evolutionary and ecological insights from genomic heterogeneity
Abstract
Comparative studies of the divergence of quantitative traits and neutral molecular markers, known as Q(ST)-F(ST) comparisons, provide a means for researchers to distinguish between natural selection and genetic drift as causes of population differentiation in complex polygenic traits. The use of Q(ST)-F(ST) comparisons has increased rapidly in the last few years, highlighting the utility of this approach for addressing a wide range of questions that are relevant to evolutionary and ecological genetics. These studies have also provided lessons for the design of future Q(ST)-F(ST) comparisons. Methods based on the Q(ST)-F(ST) approach could also be used to analyse various types of 'omics' data in new and revealing ways.
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“Thus, by testing whether QST is significantly greater than FST, it is possible to determine whether there is more genetically explained trait variation among populations than expected under neutral evolution (28–31).”
From Heritability within groups is uninformative about differences among groups: Cases from behavioral, evolutionary, and statistical genetics (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Under a null model in which phenotypes are selectively neutral, genetic propensity differences contributing to phenotypic differences among populations are predicted to be small.”
From Interpreting polygenic scores, polygenic adaptation, and human phenotypic differences (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“In other words, analogous measures of population differences in quantitative phenotypic traits and genetic loci—termed QST and FST, respectively—are approximately equal in neutral evolutionary models that include genetic drift but not natural selection.”
From Interpreting polygenic scores, polygenic adaptation, and human phenotypic differences (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
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Whitlock, M. C., & Guillaume, F. (2009) · Genetics · doi:10.1534/genetics.108.099812 · Cited by 180
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BackgroundMethod
Metadata
- Authors
- Leinonen, T., McCairns, R. J. S., O'Hara, R. B., & Merilä, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Merilä, Juha
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Genetics
- Published
- 2013-02-05
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 179-190
- ISSN
- 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0064
- OpenAlex
- W2018112412
- Cited by
- 422
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 18
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Keywords
- QST-FST comparison, natural selection, genetic drift, genetic differentiation, polygenic traits, genomic heterogeneity, evolutionary genetics, ecological genetics, omics data analysis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Ecology, Genetic Markers, Genetics, Population, Humans, Selection, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Genetic Heterogeneity, Evolution, Molecular, Genomics, Quantitative Trait Loci, Genetic Drift
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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