Heritability in the genomics era — concepts and misconceptions
Abstract
Heritability allows a comparison of the relative importance of genes and environment to the variation of traits within and across populations. The concept of heritability and its definition as an estimable, dimensionless population parameter was introduced by Sewall Wright and Ronald Fisher nearly a century ago. Despite continuous misunderstandings and controversies over its use and application, heritability remains key to the response to selection in evolutionary biology and agriculture, and to the prediction of disease risk in medicine. Recent reports of substantial heritability for gene expression and new estimation methods using marker data highlight the relevance of heritability in the genomics era.
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The SD of IQ observed among siblings (±12 points around the parental mean) is three times higher than the effect size of the 15q11.2 deletion.
“In particular, the SD of IQ observed among siblings (±12 points around the parental mean)42 is three times higher than the effect size of the 15q11.2 deletion.”
From Estimating the effect size of the 15Q11.2 BP1–BP2 deletion and its contribution to neurodevelopmental symptoms: recommendations for practice (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Standard quantitative genetic theory provides ample support for the infinitesimal model.
“standard quantitative genetic theory provides ample support for the infinitesimal model7,8.”
From Rare and common variants: twenty arguments (2012) · cites this paper as [8]
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- Authors
- Visscher, P. M., Hill, W. G., & Wray, N. R.
- Affiliations
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute (AU)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Visscher, Peter M.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Genetics
- Published
- 2008-03-04
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 255-266
- ISSN
- 1471-0056 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0064
- OpenAlex
- W2086799994
- Cited by
- 1,921
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 112 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 117 · 2022: 135 · 2021: 132 · 2020: 140 · 2019: 126 · 2018: 119 · 2017: 113 · 2016: 112 · 2015: 109 · 2014: 126 · 2013: 120 · 2012: 110
- FWCI
- 5.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Keywords
- heritability, gene-environment interaction, genetic variation, heritability of gene expression, heritability estimation, selection response, disease risk prediction, Sewall Wright, Ronald Fisher
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Bayes Theorem, Biological Evolution, Female, Humans, Inbreeding, Male, Models, Genetic, Phenotype, Regression Analysis, Selection, Genetic, Gene Expression, Linear Models, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Genomics
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